Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34019564›Full record

ArticlePloS one2021

The mitogenome of Phytophthora agathidicida: Evidence for a not so recent arrival of the "kauri killing" Phytophthora in New Zealand.

Richard C Winkworth, Stanley E Bellgard, Patricia A McLenachan, Peter J Lockhart

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In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Evolutionary Relationships of theEcology and evolution · 2025
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Chromosome-level assembly of theFrontiers in microbiology · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Richard C WinkworthBio-Protection Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0001-5394-3094
Stanley E BellgardSchool of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Patricia A McLenachanSchool of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Peter J LockhartBio-Protection Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Phytophthora agathidicida is associated with a root rot that threatens the long-term survival of the iconic New Zealand kauri. Although it is widely assumed that this pathogen arrived in New Zealand post-1945, this hypothesis has yet to be formally tested. Here we describe evolutionary analyses aimed at evaluating this and two alternative hypotheses. As a basis for our analyses, we assembled complete mitochondrial genome sequences from 16 accessions representing the geographic range of P. agathidicida as well as those of five other members of Phytophthora clade 5. All 21 mitogenome sequences were very similar, differing little in size with all sharing the same gene content and arrangement. We first examined the temporal origins of genetic diversity using a pair of calibration schemes. Both resulted in similar age estimates; specifically, a mean age of 303.0-304.4 years and 95% HPDs of 206.9-414.6 years for the most recent common ancestor of the included isolates. We then used phylogenetic tree building and network analyses to investigate the geographic distribution of the genetic diversity. Four geographically distinct genetic groups were recognised within P. agathidicida. Taken together the inferred age and geographic distribution of the sampled mitogenome diversity suggests that this pathogen diversified following arrival in New Zealand several hundred to several thousand years ago. This conclusion is consistent with the emergence of kauri dieback disease being a consequence of recent changes in the relationship between the pathogen, host, and environment rather than a post-1945 introduction of the causal pathogen into New Zealand.

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularGenome, MitochondrialAraucariaceaeNew ZealandPhytophthoraPlant DiseasesPolymorphism, Genetic

Identifiers

PMID34019564
PMCPMC8139493

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.