Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34018839›Full record

Observational studyThe Journal of international medical research2021

Clinical significance of changes in serum inflammatory factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary infection.

Jun Zhou, Feng Jin, Feng Wu

Open access · goldAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in The Journal of international medical research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 32% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. The triple-hit hypothesis: exploring pulmonary e-cigarette, PMEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Jun ZhouDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5777-2701
Feng JinDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
Feng WuDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
Yangzhou University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often accompanied by pulmonary infection, inflammatory responses, decreased immunity, and decreased lung function. The relationships among the pulmonary inflammation index (PII), lung function, and immunity in COPD patients with pulmonary infection remain unclear.

methodsThis retrospective observational study enrolled 234 participants (patients with COPD and pulmonary infection, patients with COPD without pulmonary infection, and healthy individuals) from January 2017 to December 2019.

resultsLevels of interleukin (IL)-6 were lower and levels of IL-8 were higher in patients with COPD and pulmonary infection. Levels of white blood cells (WBCs), C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and CD8+ cells were higher, while levels of CD3+ and CD4+ cells, the CD4+/CD8+ ratio, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1 % predicted (FEV1%pred), and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) (FEV1%FVC) were lower in patients with COPD and pulmonary infection. Levels of WBCs, CRP, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were negatively associated with FEV1, FEV1%pred and FEV1%FVC.

conclusionsPatients with COPD and pulmonary infection have high PIIs, decreased immunity, and poor lung function. PII is closely related to lung function and may represent a useful biomarker for the assessment of patients with COPD and pulmonary infection.

Indexed as

PneumoniaPulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructiveForced Expiratory VolumeHumansLungRespiratory Function TestsVital Capacitybiomarkerchronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseimmune functioninflammatory indexlung functionPulmonary infection

Identifiers

PMID34018839
PMCPMC8150426
OpenAlexW3163049859

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.