ArticleJournal of periodontal research2021
Heat-not-burn tobacco (IQOS), oral fibroblasts and keratinocytes: cytotoxicity, morphological analysis, apoptosis and cellular cycle. An in vitro study.
Article in Journal of periodontal research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advancing infection therapy: the role of novel menthol-based antimicrobials.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Periodontal and Peri-Implant Status Among Users of Different Inhaled Tobacco and Nicotine Products: A Systematic Review.Dentistry journal · 2026Review
- Influence of heat-non-burn tobacco aerosol on the microbiome of biofilm from human whole saliva bacteria in vitro.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Tobacco-derived particulates and the periodontal axis: Distinct cytotoxic and stress-related mechanisms in human gingival fibroblasts.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The Health Effects of Heated Tobacco Product Use-A Narrative Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Evaluation of Morphology and Biochemical Parameters of Young Adults Using Heated Tobacco Products in Poland: A Case-Control Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Cytotoxic impact of nicotine products on periodontal ligament cells.Clinical oral investigations · 2024Article
- Cytotoxic effects of the cigarette smoke extract of heated tobacco products on human oral squamous cell carcinoma: the role of reactive oxygen species and CaMKK2.The journal of physiological sciences : JPS · 2024Article
- Periodontal Health Status in Adults Exposed to Tobacco Heating System Aerosol and Cigarette Smoke vs. Non-Smokers: A Cross-Sectional Study.Dentistry journal · 2024Article
- A scoping review of the toxicity and health impact of IQOS.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Ketorolac Loaded Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Coating of AZ31 in the Treatment of Bone Fracture Pain.Polymers · 2023Article
- The effects of dual IQOS and cigarette smoke exposure on airway epithelial cells: implications for lung health and respiratory disease pathogenesis.ERJ open research · 2023Article
- Evaluation of the Effects of E-Cigarette Aerosol Extracts and Tobacco Cigarette Smoke Extracts on Human Gingival Epithelial Cells.ACS omega · 2023Article
- LncRNA RP11-521C20.3 Inhibits Cigarette Smoke Extract-Induced Apoptosis in A549 Cells by Targeting BMF Signaling.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2023Article
- Impact of Smoking Habit on Peri-Implant Indicators following Different Therapies: A Systematic Review.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Periodontal and Peri-Implant Health Status in Traditional vs. Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco and Electronic Cigarettes Smokers: A Systematic Review.Dentistry journal · 2022Review
- Comparison between Tissue Adhesive Cyanoacrylate and Suture for Palatal Fibromucosa Healing: A Randomized Controlled Study.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Association between Smoking during Pregnancy and Short Root Anomaly in Offspring.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe aim of this work is to investigate the biological effects of IQOS smoking on human gingival fibroblasts and human keratinocytes analysing cell viability, morphology, migration, apoptosis and cell cycle.
backgroundElectronic cigarettes and tobacco heating systems have been marketed to reduce smoking damages caused by combustion.
methodsHuman gingival fibroblasts and human keratinocytes viability was determined by a colorimetric assay measuring mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity (MTT assay); after an in vitro exposure of 24 h, cell morphology was analysed with scanning electron microscope and cell migration was tested by Scratch assay, a method to mimic the migration of the cells during wound healing in vivo. Apoptosis and cell cycle were analysed with flow cytometry, and the expression of related genes (p53, Bcl2, p16 and p21) was indagated using real-time polymerase chain reaction.
resultsIQOS extracts increased both cell viability (23%-41% with fibroblasts and 30%-79% with keratinocytes) and migration. No morphological alterations were observed. IQOS extracts did not induced an increase in cell death, but rose the number of S- and G2/M-phase cells. IQOS extracts also significantly increased p53 expression by fibroblasts (undiluted and 6.25% dilution, 2- and 3.6-fold higher, respectively) and reduced both Bcl2 (about two- and fivefold, respectively) and p21 expressions (about twofold with both extracts), while on keratinocytes both undiluted and 6.25% dilution extracts increased Bcl2 expression (about four- and threefold higher, respectively) and reduced p53 expression (about two- and fivefold, respectively).
conclusionIQOS smoke seemed to induce proliferation as highlighted by a viability assay, and migration and cell cycle analysis. The increased cell proliferation induced by IQOS devices must be carefully investigated for its possible clinical effects on oral cell populations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.