Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34018052›Full record

Trial reportEuropean journal of nutrition2021

Effects of very low-carbohydrate vs. high-carbohydrate weight loss diets on psychological health in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes: a 2-year randomized controlled trial.

Naomi Kakoschke, Ian T Zajac, Jeannie Tay, Natalie D Luscombe-Marsh, Campbell H Thompson, Manny Noakes, Jonathan D Buckley, Gary Wittert, Grant D Brinkworth

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in European journal of nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
2.2field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Naomi KakoschkeCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation-Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Ian T ZajacCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation-Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Jeannie TayA-Star Singapore-Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
Natalie D Luscombe-MarshCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation-Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Campbell H ThompsonFreemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Manny NoakesCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation-Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Jonathan D BuckleyAlliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Gary WittertFreemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Grant D BrinkworthAlliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia. grant.brinkworth@csiro.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9017-8395
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation · AUFreemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health · AUUniversity of South Australia · AUAgency for Science, Technology and Research · SG

Funding

National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia 103415
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsVery low-carbohydrate (LC) diets are popular for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) management; however, long-term effects on psychological health remain largely unknown. This study reports the effects of a LC diet on mood and cognitive function after 2 years and explores the potential predictors of changes in psychological health.

methods115 adults (57% males; age: 58.5 ± 7.1 years) with obesity and T2DM were randomized to consume an energy reduced (~ 500 to 1000 kcal/day deficit), LC diet [14% energy as carbohydrate, 28% protein, 58% fat (< 10% saturated fat)] or an isocaloric high unrefined carbohydrate, low-fat diet [HC: 53% carbohydrate, 17% protein, 30% fat (< 10% saturated fat)] for 2 years. Both diets were combined with aerobic/resistance exercise (1 h, 3 days/week). Mood/well-being [Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory (SAI), Profile of Mood States (POMS)], diabetes-related quality of life [Diabetes-39 (D-39)] and distress [Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) Questionnaire], and cognitive function were assessed during and post-intervention.

results61 (LC: 33, HC: 28) participants completed the study. Weight loss was 9.1% after 12 months and 6.7% after 2 years with no difference between diet groups. There were no differences between the groups for the changes in any psychological health outcome (smallest p ≥ 0.19 for all time x diet interactions). Overtime, improvements in BDI, POMS [Total Mood Disturbance (TMD); four subscales], PAID, and D-39 (three subscales) scores occurred (p ≤ 0.05, time). Stepwise regression analysis showed improvements in BDI, POMS (TMD; two subscales), D-39, SAI, and PAID scores were significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with reductions in body weight and glycated hemoglobin.

conclusionIn adults with obesity and T2DM, energy-restricted LC and HC diets produced comparable long-term improvements on a comprehensive range of psychological health outcomes. The findings suggest both diets can be used as a diabetes management strategy as part of a holistic lifestyle modification program without concern of negative effects on mental well-being or cognition.

trial registrationACTRN12612000369820, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=362168&isReview=true . Data described in the manuscript, code book, and analytic code will not be made available because approval has not been granted by participants.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Weight LossAdultAgedCarbohydratesDiet, Carbohydrate-RestrictedDiet, Fat-RestrictedDiet, ReducingFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedObesityQuality of LifeCarbohydratesDiabetesDietMacronutrient compositionPsychological well-beingWeight loss

Identifiers

PMID34018052
OpenAlexW3160786724

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.