ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2021
The Association Between Cytomegalovirus and Disability by Race/Ethnicity and Sex: Results From the Health and Retirement Study.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- "We adjusted for race": now what? A systematic review of utilization and reporting of race in American Journal of Epidemiology and Epidemiology, 2020-2021.Epidemiologic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Genomic Markers Associated with Cytomegalovirus DNAemia in Kidney Transplant Recipients.Viruses · 2023Pooled it
- Associations between immunosenescence and domain-specific cognition in the Health and Retirement Study Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol.BMC biology · 2026Article
- A Pathogen Penalty? Associations Between Persistent Infections and Biological Aging in the US.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Cytomegalovirus in HIV: A Modifiable Driver of Inflammation, Frailty, and Aging.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- The association of common infectious exposures with cognitive performance in community-dwelling older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Article
- Health impact of a hypothetical intervention on immune burden of cytomegalovirus (CMV) among older adults in the US: a prospective analysis of the Health and Retirement Study Cohort.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- The aging immune system and all-cause mortality in older americans: differences across sex and race/ethnicity.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Article
- Examining the relationship between biomarkers of immune aging and prevalent physical disability in the health and retirement study.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- Area-Level Social Deprivation and Cytomegalovirus Seropositivity at the Time of Solid Organ Transplant.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Cytomegalovirus Matching in Deceased Donor Kidney Allocation: Results From a U.S. National Simulation Model.Transplantation direct · 2024Article
- Exploring health disparities in congenital CMV (cCMV): a study in a Somali-American community to assess awareness of cCMV and facilitate understanding of universal cCMV screening.Discover social science and health · 2024Article
- The Association of Cytomegalovirus and Allostatic Load by Country of Birth and Length of Time in the United States.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Effect of Physical Limitations on Depressive Symptoms Over the Life Course: Is Optimism a Protective Buffer?The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Recent studies have documented a decline in the overall prevalence of disability in the United States; however, racial/ethnic and sex disparities continue to persist. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, a socially patterned exposure, may be a key mechanism in understanding these previously documented disparities. Using data from a nationally representative study, the 2016 Health and Retirement Study, we employed Poisson log-binomial models to estimate the prevalence of disability in a comparison of CMV-seropositive and -seronegative adults and investigated effect modification by race/ethnicity and sex. Among the 9,029 participants (55% women; mean age = 67.4 years), 63% were CMV-seropositive and 15% were disabled. CMV seropositivity was highest among non-Hispanic Black (88%) and Hispanic (92%) adults as compared with non-Hispanic White adults (57%). We found evidence for effect modification in the association between CMV and disability by sex but not race/ethnicity. While the 95% confidence intervals in the fully adjusted models included the null value, in comparison with seronegative women, our results suggest a greater prevalence of disability among CMV-seropositive women (prevalence ratio = 1.16, 95% confidence interval: 0.97, 1.38) but not among men (prevalence ratio = 0.85, 95% confidence interval: 0.69, 1.06). Results provide initial support for the hypothesis that CMV may be an important determinant of sex disparities in disability.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.