ArticleJournal of family medicine and primary care2021
Pattern and prevalence of substance use and dependence in two districts of Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir: Special focus on opioids.
Article in Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- A mixed methods study on prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptoms and mental healthcare use among adults in Kashmir, India.Discover mental health · 2026Article
- Psychiatric comorbidities and concurrent substance use among people who inject drugs: a single-centre hospital-based study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Changing Pattern of Opioid Users Attending an Opioid Agonist Treatment Clinic in North India.Journal of neurosciences in rural practice · 2022Article
- Drug abuse in North Kashmir - An experience from a drug de-addiction center.Industrial psychiatry journalArticle
- Exploring motivational factors for opioid treatment engagement among substance users in Kashmir: A qualitative study.Industrial psychiatry journalArticle
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundKashmir has been at the centre of conflict between India and Pakistan after partition of erstwhile British India in 1947. While research suggests that conflict exposure may result in increased substance use, the prevalence of substance use disorders has remained an under-searched area in Kashmir.
methodWe employed respondent-driven sampling (RDS) for recruiting substance users from two districts of Kashmir. Estimation of substance dependence was done using benchmarkmultiplier method.
resultsPrevalence of any substance dependence was estimated to be 1.95% while as for any opioids, it was 1.80%. Heroin was the most common opioid with last year use by 84.33% respondents. Current prevalence of injection drug use was 0.95% and heroin was the most common opioid among Injection Drug User (IDU), being used by 91.12% IDUs followed by Pentazocine (5.92%).
conclusionOur results indicate that RDS was a feasible and acceptable sampling method for recruiting 'difficult to reach 'participants like illicit substance users including IDUs. Our results further demonstrate that opioids are highly prevalent in Kashmir and heroin injection is not uncommon. All these findings call for attention from policy makers as opioids are one of the important contributors to mortality and morbidity related to substances.
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