ReviewFrontiers in oncology2021
Combination of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Anti-Angiogenic Agents in Brain Metastases From Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Prognostic factors and quality of life in non-small cell lung cancer with leptomeningeal metastasis: a dichotomous pattern based on parenchymal involvement.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Patients with Brain Metastases from Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Emerging Mechanisms and Personalized Clinical Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Research progress of anti-angiogenic therapy combined with immunotherapy and radiotherapy for the treatment of brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer (Review).Oncology letters · 2025Review
- Article
- Immunotherapy in the Battle Against Bone Metastases: Mechanisms and Emerging Treatments.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Serum tumor markers and outcomes in lung cancer patients with brain metastases: a retrospective longitudinal cohort study.Translational lung cancer research · 2024Article
- Triple therapy boosts survival in NSCLC patients with brain metastases: a retrospective cohort study of chemotherapy, ICIs, and antiangiogenic agents.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Article
- Pioneering the Way: The Revolutionary Potential of Antibody-Drug Conjugates in NSCLC.Current treatment options in oncology · 2024Review
- Treatment of brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer: preclinical, clinical, and translational research.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Lung cancer cell-derived exosomes: progress on pivotal role and its application in diagnostic and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Penpulimab and Anlotinib in PDL1 high-expression pulmonary giant cell carcinoma with cerebral metastases: case report and review.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Review
- Effects of combining immune checkpoint inhibitors and anti-angiogenic agents on bone metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer patients.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- Article
- Tumor vessel normalization and immunotherapy in gastric cancer.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2022Review
- CD73 Severed as a Potential Prognostic Marker and Promote Lung Cancer Cells MigrationFrontiers in genetics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brain metastases remain a critical issue in the management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) because of the high frequency and poor prognosis, with survival rates often measured in just months. The local treatment approach remains the current standard of care, but management of multiple asymptomatic brain metastases always involves systemic therapy. Given that anti-angiogenic agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) both target the tumor microenvironment (TME), this combination therapy has become a promising strategy in clinical practice. Increasing number of preclinical and clinical studies have shown remarkable anti-tumor activity of the combination therapy, but the efficacy in brain metastases is unclear due to the strict selection criteria adopted in most clinical trials. This review briefly summarizes the potential synergistic anti-tumor effect and clinical development of the combination of anti-angiogenic agents and ICIs in NSCLC brain metastases, and discusses the existing challenges and problems.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.