ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Intracellular and Extracellular Roles of Granzyme K.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Emerging roles of granzymes in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation: mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Review
- Spatial and functional specialization of human splenic innate lymphoid cells.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Pulmonary inflammation in severe pneumonia is characterised by compartmentalised and mechanistically distinct sub-phenotypes.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Immune landscape of the affected brain in Rasmussen encephalitis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Immune signaling and function in neurodegeneration.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Protection against reinfection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis extends across heterologous Mtb lineages.Mucosal immunology · 2026Article
- CD8+ lymphocytes in immunity against tuberculosis.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Review
- Extracellular granzyme K enhances PD-L1 transcription and stability via F2RL1 activation to facilitate tumor immune evasion in lung adenocarcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals the Potential Role of GZMK+ CD8+ T Cells in Cell Senescence of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.International journal of genomics · 2026Article
- A single-cell transcriptomic landscape characterizes the endocrine system aging in the mouse.Protein & cell · 2026Article
- Metabolic dysfunction and GZMKFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- CD103Nature communications · 2025Article
- Cytotoxic T Cells: Kill, Memorize, and Mask to Maintain Immune Homeostasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- TCF19 drives a broad transcriptional program that potentiates optimal innate and adaptive functions of antiviral NK cells.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Proteomic profiles in the aqueous following anti-vegf therapy in treatment naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration.Clinical proteomics · 2025Article
- Early-life human CD8Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- CD8a + GZMK + T Cells Inhibit Osteoclastogenesis in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis via the p38-MAPK Pathway.Calcified tissue international · 2025Article
- Cytotoxic T cells meet complement: granzyme K as a new initiator of inflammation.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Article
- Granzyme KNature immunology · 2025Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Granzymes are a family of serine proteases stored in granules inside cytotoxic cells of the immune system. Granzyme K (GrK) has been only limitedly characterized and knowledge on its molecular functions is emerging. Traditionally GrK is described as a granule-secreted, pro-apoptotic serine protease. However, accumulating evidence is redefining the functions of GrK by the discovery of novel intracellular (e.g. cytotoxicity, inhibition of viral replication) and extracellular roles (e.g. endothelial activation and modulation of a pro-inflammatory immune cytokine response). Moreover, elevated GrK levels are associated with disease, including viral and bacterial infections, airway inflammation and thermal injury. This review aims to summarize and discuss the current knowledge of i) intracellular and extracellular GrK activity, ii) cytotoxic and non-cytotoxic GrK functioning, iii) the role of GrK in disease, and iv) GrK as a potential therapeutic target.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.