ReviewFrontiers in psychology2021
A Review of Key Likert Scale Development Advances: 1995-2019.
Review in Frontiers in psychology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 182 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
182 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Psychometric Properties of Eating Behaviour Instruments for Older Adults: A Systematic Review.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2025Pooled it
- Assessing basic/fundamental psychological need fulfillment: systematic mapping and review of existing scales to foster cumulative science.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Pooled it
- 3D printing as a pedagogical tool for teaching normal human anatomy: a systematic review.BMC medical education · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Esketamine-Based Opioid-Free versus Opioid-Based Anesthesia for Recovery Quality After Laparoscopic Transabdominal Preperitoneal Repair: A Randomized Noninferiority Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Evaluating women's experiences and satisfaction with labour induction in India: a comparison of the participant generated experience and satisfaction (PaGES) index with standard methods.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Trial
- Evaluation of the impact of AI-based chatbot on orthodontic patient education: a preliminary randomised controlled trial.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Personalized surgical informed consent with stereoscopic visualization in neurosurgery-real benefit for the patient or unnecessary gimmick?Acta neurochirurgica · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- A Personalized Management Approach of OHSS: Development of a Multiphase Prediction Model and Smartphone-Based App.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Trial
- Reliability of Likert Scale for Surgeon-Rated Conspicuity of Ureters with Pudexacianinium Chloride (ASP5354).JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic SurgeonsTrial
- Evaluation of DeepSeek with a RAG-based knowledge base in preoperative assessment for arthroplasty to improve the decision-making accuracy of junior physicians.Arthroplasty (London, England) · 2026Article
- Physical activity after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: Long-term participation, activity volume and patient-reported limitations.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2026Article
- Testicular prosthesis complications and satisfaction rates after gender affirming scrotoplasty.The Canadian journal of urology · 2026Article
- Perioperative loxoprofen sodium is associated with lower pain and anxiety levels in dental implant surgery: a cohort study in China.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of an Instrument to Assess Endodontists' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Cone-Beam Computed Tomography.Australian endodontic journal : the journal of the Australian Society of Endodontology Inc · 2026Article
- Transmasculine patients' perspective before and after genital gender-affirming surgery.International journal of impotence research · 2026Article
122 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Developing self-report Likert scales is an essential part of modern psychology. However, it is hard for psychologists to remain apprised of best practices as methodological developments accumulate. To address this, this current paper offers a selective review of advances in Likert scale development that have occurred over the past 25 years. We reviewed six major measurement journals (e.g.,
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.