ArticleSignal transduction and targeted therapy2021
Sequential infection with H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2 aggravated COVID-19 pathogenesis in a mammalian model, and co-vaccination as an effective method of prevention of COVID-19 and influenza.
Article in Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Meta-Analysis of Rhesus Macaques (Comparative medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Infection History Shapes Co-Epidemic Dynamics: A Transmission Source-Pathway Decomposition for COVID-19 and Influenza.Microorganisms · 2026Article
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- Local and systemic host responses to influenza and concurrent or sequential SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Analysis of Long COVID characteristics and risk factors in individuals infected with COVID-19: a follow-up study based on a cohort of 2,792 participants.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Interactions between zoonotic pathogens and infectious disease spread: Why understanding mechanisms and modelling matters more than ever.Biosafety and health · 2025Review
- Clinical characteristics and co-infection analysis of influenza a virus in pediatric respiratory infections: a study based on tNGS technology.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Article
- Dynamic Interaction Between SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus Infection in Human Respiratory Tissues and Cells.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Aromatic Molecular Compatibility Attenuates Influenza Virus-Induced Acute Lung Injury via the Lung-Gut Axis and Lipid Droplet Modulation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Progress in combination vaccines and the co-administration of influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The Impact of Vaccination on COVID-19, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Related Outcomes: A Narrative Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Review
- Respiratory syncytial virus infection provides protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus challenge.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Article
- An RNA-hydrolyzing recombinant minibody prevents both influenza A virus and coronavirus in co-infection models.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Comparative Analysis of Gut Microbiomes in Laboratory Chinchillas, Ferrets, and Marmots: Implications for Pathogen Infection Research.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- An intranasal combination vaccine induces systemic and mucosal immunity against COVID-19 and influenza.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a co-formulated two-in-one inactivated whole virus particle COVID-19/influenza vaccine.Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Influenza A virus may circulate simultaneously with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, leading to more serious respiratory diseases during this winter. However, the influence of these viruses on disease outcome when both influenza A and SARS-CoV-2 are present in the host remains unclear. Using a mammalian model, sequential infection was performed in ferrets and in K18-hACE2 mice, with SARS-CoV-2 infection following H1N1. We found that co-infection with H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2 extended the duration of clinical manifestation of COVID-19, and enhanced pulmonary damage, but reduced viral shedding of throat swabs and viral loads in the lungs of ferrets. Moreover, mortality was increased in sequentially infected mice compared with single-infection mice. Compared with single-vaccine inoculation, co-inoculation of PiCoVacc (a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine) and the flu vaccine showed no significant differences in neutralizing antibody titers or virus-specific immune responses. Combined immunization effectively protected K18-hACE2 mice against both H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our findings indicated the development of systematic models of co-infection of H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2, which together notably enhanced pneumonia in ferrets and mice, as well as demonstrated that simultaneous vaccination against H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2 may be an effective prevention strategy for the coming winter.
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