Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34016753›Full record

ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2021

Experience replay is associated with efficient nonlocal learning.

Yunzhe Liu, Marcelo G Mattar, Timothy E J Behrens, Nathaniel D Daw, Raymond J Dolan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
77citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

77 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Drift-diffusion dynamics of hippocampal replay.PLoS computational biology · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Planning in the Brain: It's Not What You Think It Is.Annual review of neuroscience · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Building hierarchically nested structure by rapid neural sequences.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Reasoning with programs in replay.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Replay in the human visual cortex during brief task pauses is linked to implicit learning of successor representations.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Prioritizing replay when future goals are unknown.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article

17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Yunzhe Liu *State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China. yunzhe.liu@bnu.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0003-0836-9403
Marcelo G Mattar *Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA. yunzhe.liu@bnu.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0003-3303-2490
Timothy E J BehrensWellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK. yunzhe.liu@bnu.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0003-0048-1177
Nathaniel D Daw *Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. yunzhe.liu@bnu.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0001-5029-1430
Raymond J Dolan *State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China. yunzhe.liu@bnu.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0001-9356-761X

Funding

Wellcome Trust 098362Wellcome Trust 104765Wellcome Trust 219525
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To make effective decisions, people need to consider the relationship between actions and outcomes. These are often separated by time and space. The neural mechanisms by which disjoint actions and outcomes are linked remain unknown. One promising hypothesis involves neural replay of nonlocal experience. Using a task that segregates direct from indirect value learning, combined with magnetoencephalography, we examined the role of neural replay in human nonlocal learning. After receipt of a reward, we found significant backward replay of nonlocal experience, with a 160-millisecond state-to-state time lag, which was linked to efficient learning of action values. Backward replay and behavioral evidence of nonlocal learning were more pronounced for experiences of greater benefit for future behavior. These findings support nonlocal replay as a neural mechanism for solving complex credit assignment problems during learning.

Indexed as

Problem-Based LearningReinforcement, PsychologyBrainFemaleHumansMalePhotic StimulationRewardYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID34016753
PMCPMC7610948

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.