Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34016749›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021

Evolutionary design of magnetic soft continuum robots.

Liu Wang, Dongchang Zheng, Pablo Harker, Aman B Patel, Chuan Fei Guo, Xuanhe Zhao

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed.

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  8. Materials Advances in Devices for Heart Disease Interventions.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Liu WangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.ORCID 0000-0001-7014-9976
Dongchang ZhengDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.ORCID 0000-0002-6281-0338
Pablo HarkerDepartment of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02149.ORCID 0000-0003-0263-8748
Aman B PatelDepartment of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02149.
Chuan Fei GuoDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Xuanhe ZhaoDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139; zhaox@mit.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Worldwide cardiovascular diseases such as stroke and heart disease are the leading cause of mortality. While guidewire/catheter-based minimally invasive surgery is used to treat a variety of cardiovascular disorders, existing passive guidewires and catheters suffer from several limitations such as low steerability and vessel access through complex geometry of vasculatures and imaging-related accumulation of radiation to both patients and operating surgeons. To address these limitations, magnetic soft continuum robots (MSCRs) in the form of magnetic field-controllable elastomeric fibers have recently demonstrated enhanced steerability under remotely applied magnetic fields. While the steerability of an MSCR largely relies on its workspace-the set of attainable points by its end effector-existing MSCRs based on embedding permanent magnets or uniformly dispersing magnetic particles in polymer matrices still cannot give optimal workspaces. The design and optimization of MSCRs have been challenging because of the lack of efficient tools. Here, we report a systematic set of model-based evolutionary design, fabrication, and experimental validation of an MSCR with a counterintuitive nonuniform distribution of magnetic particles to achieve an unprecedented workspace. The proposed MSCR design is enabled by integrating a theoretical model and the genetic algorithm. The current work not only achieves the optimal workspace for MSCRs but also provides a powerful tool for the efficient design and optimization of future magnetic soft robots and actuators.

Indexed as

finite difference methodgenetic algorithmhard-magnetic elasticamagnetic soft continuum robotworkspace

Identifiers

PMID34016749
PMCPMC8166154

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.