ArticleVirology2021
Frequency of HLA alleles among COVID-19 infected patients: Preliminary data from Saudi Arabia.
Article in Virology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles with COVID-19 severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Reviews in medical virology · 2023Pooled it
- Genetics of COVID-19 and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic review.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2022Pooled it
- The genetic basis of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in the Italian municipality of Vo'.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Influence of HLA Class I and II Polymorphisms on COVID-19 Severity in a South Brazilian Population.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Autoimmune hepatitis under the COVID-19 veil: an analysis of the nature of potential associations.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The Influence of HLA Polymorphisms on the Severity of COVID-19 in the Romanian Population.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Association of HLA-DRB1*11 and HLA-DRB1*12 gene polymorphism with COVID-19 in Burkina Faso.BMC medical genomics · 2023Article
- Influence of polymorphic variations of IFNL, HLA, and IL-6 genes in severe cases of COVID-19.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2023Review
- Targeted capture enrichment and sequencing identifies HLA variants associated with the severity of COVID-19.Genes & genomics · 2023Article
- Article
- HLA alleles associated with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in different populations: a systematic review.The Egyptian journal of medical human genetics · 2023Review
- Association of Human Leucocyte Antigen Polymorphism with Coronavirus Disease 19 in Renal Transplant Recipients.Vaccines · 2022Article
- MUC22, HLA-A, and HLA-DOB variants and COVID-19 in resilient super-agers from Brazil.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Designing multi-epitope based peptide vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2 using immunoinformatics approach.BioImpacts : BI · 2022Article
- Susceptibility and Severity of COVID-19 Are Both Associated With Lower Overall Viral-Peptide Binding Repertoire of HLA Class I Molecules, Especially in Younger People.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- The KIR2DL2/HLA-C1C1 Gene Pairing Is Associated With an Increased Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- High-resolution HLA genotyping identifies alleles associated with severe COVID-19: A preliminary study from India.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2021Article
- MHC Variants Associated With SymptomaticFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
HLA polymorphism is one of the genetic factors that may be associated with variations in susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. In this study, the frequency of HLA alleles among Saudi patients infected with COVID-19 was examined. The association with infection susceptibility and mortality was evaluated. This study included 135 Saudi COVID-19-infected patients (106 recovered and 29 died) who were admitted to hospitals because of their symptoms, and 135 healthy controls. HLA class I (A, B, C) and class II (DRB1, DQB1) genotyping was performed using the molecular method (PCR-rSSO). In this study, there was a significant increase in the frequency of HLA-A*01, B*56 and C*01 among infected patients compared to the control group (12.1% vs. 5.2%, p = 0.004, 3.7% vs. 0%, p = 0.006, 4.4% vs. 1.5%, p = 0.042, respectively). Moreover, there was a significant increase in the frequency of HLA-A*03 and C*06 among fatal patients compared to infected patients (13.8% vs. 5.7%, p = 0.036, 32.8% vs. 17.5%, p = 0.011, respectively). In terms of HLA class II, HLA-DRB1*04 was significantly higher in the control group compared to infected patients (27.4% vs. 16.3%, p = 0.002), while HLA-DRB1*08 was significantly higher in the infected group compared to the control (4.8% vs. 0.7%, p = 0.004). After statistical correction of the p value, A*01, B*56, DRB1*04 and DRB1*08 remained statistically significant (p
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.