ArticleBrain stimulation
Generating artificial sensations with spinal cord stimulation in primates and rodents.
Article in Brain stimulation. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Low-cost, open-source, full-stack software and Arduino-based hardware for control of commercially available animal behavior systems.Behavior research methods · 2026Article
- Axonal spike-count regimes link spinal cord stimulation periodicity to artificial sensory detection and discrimination in rodents.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Perilesional neuromodulation replaces lost sensorimotor function in persons with spinal cord injury.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Enhancing Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury Through Neuroplasticity: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The role of stimulus periodicity on spinal cord stimulation-induced artificial sensations in rodents.Journal of neural engineering · 2024Article
- Quantitative assessments of finger individuation with an instrumented glove.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2023Article
- Innovative perspectives in limbic surgery using deep brain stimulation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Constructing 2D maps of human spinal cord activity and isolating the functional midline with high-density microelectrode arrays.Science translational medicine · 2022Article
- Imaging the stability of chronic electrical microstimulation using electrodes coated with PEDOT/CNT and iridium oxide.iScience · 2022Article
- Somesthetic, Visual, and Auditory Feedback and Their Interactions Applied to Upper Limb Neurorehabilitation Technology: A Narrative Review to Facilitate Contextualization of Knowledge.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2022Review
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
For patients who have lost sensory function due to a neurological injury such as spinal cord injury (SCI), stroke, or amputation, spinal cord stimulation (SCS) may provide a mechanism for restoring somatic sensations via an intuitive, non-visual pathway. Inspired by this vision, here we trained rhesus monkeys and rats to detect and discriminate patterns of epidural SCS. Thereafter, we constructed psychometric curves describing the relationship between different SCS parameters and the animal's ability to detect SCS and/or changes in its characteristics. We found that the stimulus detection threshold decreased with higher frequency, longer pulse-width, and increasing duration of SCS. Moreover, we found that monkeys were able to discriminate temporally- and spatially-varying patterns (i.e. variations in frequency and location) of SCS delivered through multiple electrodes. Additionally, sensory discrimination of SCS-induced sensations in rats obeyed Weber's law of just-noticeable differences. These findings suggest that by varying SCS intensity, temporal pattern, and location different sensory experiences can be evoked. As such, we posit that SCS can provide intuitive sensory feedback in neuroprosthetic devices.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.