ArticlePloS one2021
Impact of serum magnesium and bone mineral density on systemic fractures in chronic hemodialysis patients.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between Serum Magnesium and Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Treatment of Osteoporosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.Current osteoporosis reports · 2025Review
- The Extensive Study of Magnesium Deficiency, 25-(OH) Vitamin D3, Inflammatory Markers, and Parathyroid Hormone in Relation to Bone Mineral Density in Iraqi Osteoporosis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Lower serum magnesium levels are associated with a higher risk of fractures and vascular calcifications in hemodialysis patients.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Article
- Association Between Combined Polymetallic Exposure and Osteoporosis.Biological trace element research · 2024Article
- The association of low serum magnesium levels with frailty among hemodialysis patients.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Magnesium and Fracture Risk in the General Population and Patients Receiving Dialysis: A Narrative Review.Canadian journal of kidney health and disease · 2023Review
- Lateral spine dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and the risk of fragility fractures in long-term kidney graft recipients.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2022Article
- Clinical Factors Associated with Serum Magnesium Concentration in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis: A Single-Center Observational Study.International journal of nephrology and renovascular disease · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionBone mineral density (BMD) measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can be used to predict fractures, but its clinical utility has not been fully established in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Magnesium is an essential trace element. Although magnesium is associated with the risk of fractures in non-CKD populations, the relationship is unknown in CKD patients.
methodsBMD and serum magnesium levels were measured in 358 stable outpatients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis therapy. The primary outcome was fragility fracture. Patients were divided into groups according to the median level of magnesium and the normal threshold value of lumbar spine BMD.
resultsDuring the median follow-up period of 36 months, 36 (10.0%) fractures occurred. The cumulative incidence rates of fractures were 17.6% and 5.2% [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-5.17, P = 0.030] in the lower (<2.6 mg/dL) and higher (≥2.6 mg/dL) magnesium (Mg) groups, respectively, and 21.2% and 7.3% (aHR 2.59, 95% CI 1.09-6.16, P = 0.027) in the low- and high-BMD groups, respectively. The lower-Mg and low-BMD group had a 9.21-fold higher risk of fractures (95% CI; 2.35-47.00; P = 0.0010) than the higher-Mg and high-BMD group. Furthermore, adding both magnesium levels and lumbar spine BMD levels to the established risk factors significantly improved the prediction of fractures (C-index: 0.784 to 0.830, p = 0.041). DISCUSSION/
conclusionsThe combination of serum magnesium and lumbar spine BMD can be used for fracture risk stratification and synergistically improves the prediction of fractures in CKD patients.
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