Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34013877›Full record

ArticleEmerging infectious diseases2021

Increased Incidence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Nontyphoidal Salmonella Infections, United States, 2004-2016.

Felicita Medalla, Weidong Gu, Cindy R Friedman, Michael Judd, Jason Folster, Patricia M Griffin, Robert M Hoekstra

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Emerging infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
56citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Prevalence of antibiotic resistance inFrontiers in veterinary science · 2024
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Serotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance ofAnnals of laboratory medicine · 2026
    Article
  5. First Case Report ofInfectious disease reports · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Microorganisms · 2026
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Genetic and Phenotypic Characterization of aAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  10. Antimicrobial resistance in nontyphoidalFrontiers in public health · 2026
    Article
  11. Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance ofInfectious diseases (London, England) · 2026
    Article
  12. A Gifsy prophage-encoded protein confers broad phage resistance inApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Genetic diversity ofGut microbes · 2025
    Article
  15. Seven Years ofMicroorganisms · 2025
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Prevalence ofHealth science reports · 2025
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Felicita Medalla
Weidong Gu
Cindy R Friedman
Michael Judd
Jason Folster
Patricia M Griffin
Robert M Hoekstra

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Salmonella is a major cause of foodborne illness in the United States, and antimicrobial-resistant strains pose a serious threat to public health. We used Bayesian hierarchical models of culture-confirmed infections during 2004-2016 from 2 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention surveillance systems to estimate changes in the national incidence of resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella infections. Extrapolating to the United States population and accounting for unreported infections, we estimated a 40% increase in the annual incidence of infections with clinically important resistance (resistance to ampicillin or ceftriaxone or nonsusceptibility to ciprofloxacin) during 2015-2016 (≈222,000 infections) compared with 2004-2008 (≈159,000 infections). Changes in the incidence of resistance varied by serotype. Serotypes I 4,[5],12:i:- and Enteritidis were responsible for two thirds of the increased incidence of clinically important resistance during 2015-2016. Ciprofloxacin-nonsusceptible infections accounted for more than half of the increase. These estimates can help in setting targets and priorities for prevention.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsSalmonella InfectionsBayes TheoremHumansIncidenceMicrobial Sensitivity TestsUnited StatesAnti-Bacterial Agentsampicillinantibiotic resistanceantimicrobial resistancebacteriaceftriaxoneciprofloxacindrug resistanceenteric infectionsfoodborne diseasesincidencenontyphoidalresistance trendsSalmonellaUnited States

Identifiers

PMID34013877
PMCPMC8153855

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.