ReviewEmerging infectious diseases2021
Twenty-Year Public Health Impact of 7- and 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in US Children.
Review in Emerging infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global Case Fatality of Bacterial Meningitis During an 80-Year Period: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2024Pooled it
- The mutual effects on safety and immunogenicity of combined vaccination with 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and adsorbed acellular DPT in 3-month healthy infants: A randomized, open-label, controlled, phase III clinical trial.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Trial
- Fatal inflammation: understanding meningitis mortality in the United States (1999-2020).BMC neurology · 2026Observational
- Distribution ofVaccines · 2026Review
- What is driving the resurgence and persistence of vaccine-targeted pneumococcal serotypes?-Serotype 19F as the paradigm.PLoS pathogens · 2026Review
- Review
- Serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in the post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era in Nigeria: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Cost-effectiveness of a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine compared with currently available pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in Indian children.IJID regions · 2025Article
- Distribution of serotypes and antibiotic resistance profiles of Streptococcus pneumoniae in hospitalized adult patients: aretrospective multicenter surveillance in China (2018-2019).BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Serotype distribution of invasive Pneumococcal disease in a tertiary children's hospital in Vietnam.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Predominant Pneumococcal Serotypes in Isolates Causing Invasive Disease in a Spanish Region: An Examination of Their Association with Clinical Factors, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Vaccination Coverage.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Evolving genomic landscape of pediatric pneumococcus in two Canadian urban centers following conjugate vaccination.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Mortality reduction with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2024Review
- Burden of invasive pneumococcal disease, non-invasive all-cause pneumonia, and acute otitis media in hospitalized US children: a retrospective multi-center study from 2015 to 2020.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- The Health and Economic Effects of PCV15 and PCV20 During the First Year of Life in the US.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Prevalence, Clinical Severity, and Serotype Distribution of Pneumococcal Pneumonia Among Adults Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Tennessee and Georgia, 2018-2022.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Pneumococcal Vaccines in the Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Pre- & post-vaccine trends in pneumococcal serotypes & antimicrobial resistance patterns.The Indian journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have been used in the United States since 2000. To assess the cumulative 20-year effect of PCVs on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) incidence among children <5 years of age, we analyzed Active Bacterial Core Surveillance data, conducted a literature review, and modeled expected and observed disease. We found that PCVs have averted >282,000 cases of IPD, including ≈16,000 meningitis, ≈172,000 bacteremia, and ≈55,000 bacteremic pneumonia cases. In addition, vaccination has prevented 97 million healthcare visits for otitis media, 438,914-706,345 hospitalizations for pneumonia, and 2,780 total deaths. IPD cases declined 91%, from 15,707 in 1997 to 1,382 in 2019. Average annual visits for otitis media declined 41%, from 78 visits/100 children before PCV introduction to 46 visits/100 children after PCV13 introduction. Annual pneumonia hospitalizations declined 66%-79%, from 110,000-175,000 in 1997 to 37,000 in 2019. These findings confirm the substantial benefits of PCVs for preventing IPD in children.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.