ArticleSurgical endoscopy2022
Identification of gaze pattern and blind spots by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy using an eye-tracking technique.
Article in Surgical endoscopy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Reviewing Procedure With Visual Gaze Patterns on Improving Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Skills.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2025Article
- Effects of a training system that tracks the operator's gaze pattern during endoscopic submucosal dissection on hemostasis.World journal of gastrointestinal endoscopy · 2025Article
- Eye-tracking dataset of endoscopist-AI teaming during colonoscopy: Retrospective and real-time acquisition.Scientific data · 2025Article
- Wearable Near-Eye Tracking Technologies for Health: A Review.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Applications of artificial intelligence in gastroscopy: a narrative review.The Journal of international medical research · 2024Review
- Eye tracking technology in endoscopy: Looking to the future.Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe lesion detection rate of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) varies depending on the degree of experience of the endoscopist and anatomical blind spots. This study aimed to identify gaze patterns and blind spots by analyzing the endoscopist's gaze during real-time EGD.
methodsFive endoscopists were enrolled in this study. The endoscopist's eye gaze tracked by an eye tracker was selected from the esophagogastric junction to the second portion of the duodenum without the esophagus during insertion and withdrawal, and then matched with photos. Gaze patterns were visualized as a gaze plot, blind spot detection as a heatmap, observation time (OT), fixation duration (FD), and FD-to-OT ratio.
resultsThe mean OT and FD were 11.10 ± 11.14 min and 8.37 ± 9.95 min, respectively, and the FD-to-OT ratio was 72.5%. A total of 34.3% of the time was spent observing the antrum. When observing the body of the stomach, it took longer to observe the high body in the retroflexion view and the low-to-mid body in the forward view.
conclusionsIt is necessary to minimize gaze distraction and observe the posterior wall in the retroflexion view. Our results suggest that eye-tracking techniques may be useful for future endoscopic training and education.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.