ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2021
Reproductive Hormone Concentrations and Associated Anatomical Responses: Does Soy Formula Affect Minipuberty in Boys?
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- A comparison of ultrasound-based testis volume with Prader orchidometry and stability of testis size relative to peers from birth to 28 weeks.Andrology · 2025Article
- Effects of Soy Protein Isolate on Fragile X Phenotypes in Mice.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Phytoestrogens and Health Effects.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Sexual Dimorphism in Kisspeptin Signaling.Cells · 2022Review
- Response to Letter to the Editor From Pierre Bougnères: "Reproductive Hormone Concentrations and Associated Anatomical Responses: Does Soy Formula Affect Minipuberty in Boys?"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
- Developmental exposure to phytoestrogens found in soy: New findings and clinical implications.Biochemical pharmacology · 2022Review
- Reproductive Hormone Concentrations and Associated Anatomical Responses: Does Soy Formula Affect Minipuberty in Boys?The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Article
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16 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextSoy formula feeding is common in infancy and is a source of high exposure to phytoestrogens, documented to influence vaginal cytology in female infants. Its influence on minipuberty in males has not been established.
objectiveTo assess the association between infant feeding practice and longitudinally measured reproductive hormones and hormone-responsive tissues in infant boys.
methodsThe Infant Feeding and Early Development study was a prospective cohort of maternal-infant dyads requiring exclusive soy formula, cow milk formula, or breast milk feeding during study follow-up. In the 147 infant boy participants, serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, stretched penile length, anogenital distance, and testis volume were longitudinally assessed from birth to 28 weeks. We examined feeding-group differences in age trajectories for these outcomes using mixed-effects regression splines.
resultsMedian serum testosterone was at pubertal levels at 2 weeks (176 ng/dL [quartiles: 124, 232]) and remained in this range until 12 weeks in all feeding groups. We did not observe differences in trajectories of hormone concentrations or anatomical measures between boys fed soy formula (n = 55) and boys fed cow milk formula (n = 54). Compared with breastfed boys (n = 38), soy formula-fed boys had a more rapid increase in penile length (P = .004) and slower initial lengthening of anogenital distance (P = .03), but no differences in hormone trajectories.
conclusionReproductive hormone concentrations and anatomical responses followed similar trajectories in soy and cow milk formula-fed infant boys. Our findings suggest that these measures of early male reproductive development do not respond to phytoestrogen exposure during infancy.
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