Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34013330›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2021

Modeling the Impacts of Clinical Influenza Testing on Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Estimates.

Leora R Feldstein, Jill M Ferdinands, Wesley H Self, Adrienne G Randolph, Michael Aboodi, Adrienne H Baughman, Samuel M Brown, Matthew C Exline, D Clark Files, Kevin Gibbs and 15 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 29% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza A(H3N2)-Associated Hospitalized Illness: United States, 2022.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors at 13 institutions in 1 country.

Leora R FeldsteinInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4430-6760
Jill M FerdinandsInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Wesley H SelfVanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Adrienne G RandolphDepartment of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Michael AboodiDivision of Critical Care Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
Adrienne H BaughmanVanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Samuel M BrownDivision of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center and University of Utah, Murray, Utah, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1206-6261
Matthew C ExlineThe Ohio State University, College of Nursing, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
D Clark FilesPulmonary Critical Care Allergy and Immunological Diseases, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Kevin GibbsPulmonary Critical Care Allergy and Immunological Diseases, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5272-2289
Adit A GindeDepartment of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Michelle N GongDepartment of Medicine, Montefiore Healthcare System, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
Carlos G GrijalvaVanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2329-7797
Natasha HalasaDepartment of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Akram KhanDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Christopher J LindsellVanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Margaret NewhamsDepartment of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Ithan D PeltanDivision of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center and University of Utah, Murray, Utah, USA.
Matthew E PrekkerDepartment of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Hennepin County Medical Center and the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Todd W RiceVanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Nathan I ShapiroDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Jay SteingrubDivision of Critical Care Pulmonary Medicine, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA.
H Keipp TalbotVanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
M Elizabeth HalloranDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Manish PatelInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Vanderbilt University Medical Center · USCenters for Disease Control and Prevention · USAlbert Einstein College of Medicine · USBoston Children's Hospital · USUniversity of Utah · USWake Forest University · USBaystate Medical Center · USBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center · USOregon Health & Science University · USThe Ohio State University · USUniversity of Colorado Denver · USUniversity of Minnesota · USUniversity of Washington · US

Funding

Methods for Evaluating Vaccine EfficacyR37AI032042 · NIAID · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI HALLORAN, M ELIZABETH · 2010 to 2019
$5.1M
Prehospital Activation of ED Teams to Improve Sepsis CareK23GM129661 · NIGMS · IHC HEALTH SERVICES, INC. · PI PELTAN, ITHAN DANIEL · 2019 to 2023
$786k
NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI032042NIGMS NIH HHS K23 GM129661
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTest-negative design studies for evaluating influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) enroll patients with acute respiratory infection. Enrollment typically occurs before influenza status is determined, resulting in over-enrollment of influenza-negative patients. With availability of rapid and accurate molecular clinical testing, influenza status could be ascertained before enrollment, thus improving study efficiency. We estimate potential biases in VE when using clinical testing.

methodsWe simulate data assuming 60% vaccinated, 25% of those vaccinated are influenza positive, and VE of 50%. We show the effect on VE in 5 scenarios.

resultsVaccine effectiveness is affected only when clinical testing preferentially targets patients based on both vaccination and influenza status. Vaccine effectiveness is overestimated by 10% if nontesting occurs in 39% of vaccinated influenza-positive patients and 24% of others. VE is also overestimated by 10% if nontesting occurs in 8% of unvaccinated influenza-positive patients and 27% of others. Vaccine effectiveness is underestimated by 10% if nontesting occurs in 32% of unvaccinated influenza-negative patients and 18% of others.

conclusionsAlthough differential clinical testing by vaccine receipt and influenza positivity may produce errors in estimated VE, bias in testing would have to be substantial and overall proportion of patients tested would have to be small to result in a meaningful difference in VE.

Indexed as

Vaccine EfficacyBiasHumansInfluenza, HumanInfluenza VaccinesVaccinationInfluenza Vaccinesbiasclinical testinginfluenzavaccine effectiveness

Identifiers

PMID34013330
PMCPMC8967445
OpenAlexW3161503772

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.