Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34012837›Full record

ArticleTranslational pediatrics2021

A prediction model for risk factors of testicular atrophy after orchiopexy in children with undescended testis.

Zhilin Yang, Shoulin Li, Jianchun Yin, Jiming Bao, Hongwu Zeng, Wanhua Xu, Xuan Zhang, Zhihao Xing, Weiguang Zhao, Cundong Liu

Open access · diamondAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Translational pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Zhilin YangDepartment of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Shoulin LiDepartment of Urology and Laboratory of Pelvic Floor Muscle Function, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
Jianchun YinDepartment of Urology and Laboratory of Pelvic Floor Muscle Function, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
Jiming BaoDepartment of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Hongwu ZengDepartment of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
Wanhua XuDepartment of Urology and Laboratory of Pelvic Floor Muscle Function, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
Xuan ZhangDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, Shenzhen Pingshan District Woman's and Children's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.
Zhihao XingClinical laboratory, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
Weiguang ZhaoDepartment of Urology and Laboratory of Pelvic Floor Muscle Function, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
Cundong LiuDepartment of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Shenzhen Children's Hospital · CNThird Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University · CNSouthern Medical University Shenzhen Hospital · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere have been limited studies with small sample sizes about risk factors of testicular atrophy. Thus, we aimed to investigate the risk factors for testicular atrophy after orchiopexy in male children with undescended testes and develop a prediction model based on clinical variables.

methodsWe performed a retrospective review of data on children who underwent orchiopexy for undescended testes from 2013 to 2017. The variables assessed included age, laterality, testicular location, preoperative testicular volume ratio, deferens and epididymis anomaly, hormonal treatment, comorbidities, type of surgical procedure, operating time, and complications as the outcome of testicular atrophy. A nomogram was constructed to predict the probability of testicular atrophy. We also validated our model based on a prospective cohort of patients who underwent orchiopexy from January 2018 to December 2018.

resultsA total of 1,608 patients undergoing orchiopexy were included in the training cohort. The median age was 2.8 years (range, 0.5-11.3 years). After follow-up for 12 to 18 months (median, 14 months), 228 (14.2%) cases of atrophic testes were recorded. The independent predictors of testicular atrophy were preoperative testicular volume ratio [odds ratio (OR) 0.001, P=0.001], testicular location (OR 1.903, P=0.001), deferens and epididymis anomaly (OR 6.470, P=0.001), and two-stage Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy (OR 2.613, P=0.04). Successful validation was achieved, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed. The sensitivity and specificity of the prediction model were 78.1% and 77.5%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve was 0.851.

conclusionsIn patients with undescended testes, excluding those with chromosomal abnormalities and testicular nubbin, the incidence of testicular atrophy after orchiopexy is higher in patients with a lower testicular volume ratio, higher testicular location, deferens and epididymis anomaly, and in two-stage Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy. Therefore, this prediction model provides useful evidence for surgeons to choose an appropriate surgical procedure for undescended testes and predict the probability of testicular atrophy.

Indexed as

Orchiopexyprediction modelrisk factorstesticular atrophy (TA)undescended testis (UDT)

Identifiers

PMID34012837
PMCPMC8107851
OpenAlexW3159476202

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.