ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Immunological Biomarkers of Fatal COVID-19: A Study of 868 Patients.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Age-Stratified Immune-Inflammatory Profiles and Prognostic Implications of Old Patients in the ICU: A Prospective Study.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Early inflammatory profiles predict maximal disease severity in COVID-19: An unsupervised cluster analysis.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Immune dysfunction prior to and during vaccination in multiple myeloma: a case study based on COVID-19.Blood cancer journal · 2024Article
- Whole blood transcriptome signature predicts severe forms of COVID-19: Results from the COVIDeF cohort study.Functional & integrative genomics · 2024Article
- COVID-19: Recent Insight in Genomic Feature, Pathogenesis, Immunological Biomarkers, Treatment Options and Clinical Updates on SARS-CoV-2.Current genomics · 2024Review
- COVID-19: Using high-throughput flow cytometry to dissect clinical heterogeneity.Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology · 2023Review
- Immunohematologic Biomarkers in COVID-19: Insights into Pathogenesis, Prognosis, and Prevention.Pathogens & immunity · 2023Review
- Effective Natural Killer Cell Degranulation Is an Essential Key in COVID-19 Evolution.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Observational
- B cell subsets were associated with prognosis in elderly patients with community acquired pneumonia.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2022Article
- Dysregulated Immune Responses in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients: A Comprehensive Overview.Viruses · 2022Review
- Reduced Absolute Count of Monocytes in Patients Carrying Hematological Neoplasms and SARS-CoV2 Infection.Cancers · 2022Article
- An Early Th1 Response Is a Key Factor for a Favorable COVID-19 Evolution.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Immune biomarkers to predict SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness in patients with hematological malignancies.Blood cancer journal · 2021Article
- In silico analysis of the aggregation propensity of the SARS-CoV-2 proteome: Insight into possible cellular pathologies.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Proteins and proteomics · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
27 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Information on the immunopathobiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly increasing; however, there remains a need to identify immune features predictive of fatal outcome. This large-scale study characterized immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection using multidimensional flow cytometry, with the aim of identifying high-risk immune biomarkers. Holistic and unbiased analyses of 17 immune cell-types were conducted on 1,075 peripheral blood samples obtained from 868 COVID-19 patients and on samples from 24 patients presenting with non-SARS-CoV-2 infections and 36 healthy donors. Immune profiles of COVID-19 patients were significantly different from those of age-matched healthy donors but generally similar to those of patients with non-SARS-CoV-2 infections. Unsupervised clustering analysis revealed three immunotypes during SARS-CoV-2 infection; immunotype 1 (14% of patients) was characterized by significantly lower percentages of all immune cell-types except neutrophils and circulating plasma cells, and was significantly associated with severe disease. Reduced B-cell percentage was most strongly associated with risk of death. On multivariate analysis incorporating age and comorbidities, B-cell and non-classical monocyte percentages were independent prognostic factors for survival in training (n=513) and validation (n=355) cohorts. Therefore, reduced percentages of B-cells and non-classical monocytes are high-risk immune biomarkers for risk-stratification of COVID-19 patients.
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