ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
STING Operation at the ER/Golgi Interface.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent research advances in pain mechanisms in McCune-Albright syndrome thinking about the pain mechanism of FD/MAS.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2024Pooled it
- Targeting Macrophage STING O-GlcNAcylation via Small-Molecule Allosteric Modulation for Psoriasis Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Low-dose radiotherapy as an immunomodulator in cancer: dose-specific mechanisms and hybrid high-dose/low-dose strategies.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- The role of cytosolic mitochondrial DNA as a mitochondrial danger signal for stromal fibroblasts in forming the tumor-promoting microenvironment following radiation exposure.Journal of radiation research · 2026Review
- The SLC-ome of membrane transport: from molecular discovery to physiology and clinical applications.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- The cGAS-STING/MITA pathway in innate antiviral immunity and beyond.Cell insight · 2026Review
- COPZ1 depletion induces cell death through different mechanisms in in vitro murine models of thyroid cancer.European thyroid journal · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and Applications of Manganese-Based Materials in Tumor Immunotherapy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review
- Mechanistic insights and therapeutic potential of targeting the cGAS-STING pathway in neurodegenerative diseases.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Glycosylation as a dynamic regulator of RLR and cGAS-STING innate immune signalling pathways.Communications biology · 2026Review
- [cGAS-STING signaling pathway in Kawasaki disease: mechanistic insights and advances in clinical applications].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2026Review
- Calibrating the RT-cGAS-STING axis to drive cold-to-hot tumor transformation: mechanistic foundations and translational strategies for combination with immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- cGAS-IFN-I responses by extracting nuclear DNA from dying cells via nucleocytosis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Chronic and non-canonical cGAS-STING activation: implications for health, disease, cancer, and emerging therapeutic opportunities.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- Metal-polyphenol nanomedicines for malignant tumor therapy.Frontiers in chemistry · 2026Review
- Organelle-centered ISG15 biology: distinguishing covalent ISGylation from interferon-associated responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Bioinspired Nanoplatform Potentiates Sonodynamic Immunotherapy by Remodeling the Antioxidant Tumor Microenvironment and Activating STING pathway.Theranostics · 2026Article
- Phloretin-loaded selenium nanoparticles for alleviating cisplatin-induced acute kidney injuryInternational journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2025Article
- Recent advances in metal ions overloading for tumors: Mechanisms, nanomaterials, and therapies.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
DNA is present in the nucleus and mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. There are, however, certain instances in which DNA emerges in the cytosol. The two major sources of cytosolic DNA are self DNA that is leaked out from the nucleus or mitochondria, and non-self DNA from DNA viruses. The cytosolic DNA triggers the host immune response. Recent studies have identified two key molecules, cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) in this immune response. STING is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein. After STING binding to cGAMP, STING exits the ER and translocates to the Golgi, where STING triggers the type I interferon- and proinflammatory responses through the activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). STING also activates other cellular responses including cell senescence, autophagy, and cell death. In this review, we focus on emerging issues regarding the regulation of STING by membrane traffic, with a particular focus on the retrograde membrane traffic from the Golgi to the ER. The retrograde membrane traffic is recently shown by us and others to be critical for silencing the STING signaling pathway and the defect in this traffic underlies the pathogenesis of the COPA syndrome, a monogenic autoinflammatory disease caused by missense mutations of coatomer protein complex subunit α (COP-α).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.