ReviewPediatric research2021
Established severe BPD: is there a way out? Change of ventilatory paradigms.
Review in Pediatric research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- ECMO use in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a literature review.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Review
- NAVA use in infants with established bronchopulmonary dysplasia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and those on ECMO: a narrative literature review.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Review
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia associated pulmonary hypertension: implications across the lifespan.Paediatric respiratory reviews · 2026Review
- Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in neonates with grade 3 bronchopulmonary dysplasia.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Characteristics associated with death or tracheostomy in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia following predominant non-invasive respiratory support.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Chronic phase ventilation strategy in established severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A critical evaluation of the evidence.SAGE open medicine · 2026Review
- Tracheal Structural Changes in Tracheostomy-Dependent Children With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2025Article
- Interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation in established bronchopulmonary dysplasia.Seminars in perinatology · 2025Review
- Neonatal pulmonology: optimizing transition and lung function in preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Impact of Enteral Nutrition on Clinical Outcomes in Very Low Birth Weight Infants in the NICU: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Article
- A clinical informatics approach to bronchopulmonary dysplasia: current barriers and future possibilities.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Review
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia - associated pulmonary hypertension: An updated review.Seminars in perinatology · 2023Review
- Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Ongoing Challenges from Definitions to Clinical Care.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Outpatient prescription of pulmonary vasodilator therapy to preterm children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2023Article
- Outcomes of and factors associated with the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia with pulmonary hypertension in very low birth weight infants: A retrospective study in a medical center.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Pathophysiologically Based Ventilatory Management of Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.Turkish archives of pediatrics · 2022Article
- Respiratory support strategies in the management of severe, longstanding bronchopulmonary dysplasia.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Review
- Optimizing ventilator support in severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the absence of conclusive evidence.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 19 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Improved survival of extremely preterm newborn infants has increased the number of infants at risk for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Despite efforts to prevent BPD, many of these infants still develop severe BPD (sBPD) and require long-term invasive mechanical ventilation. The focus of research and clinical management has been on the prevention of BPD, which has had only modest success. On the other hand, research on the management of the established sBPD patient has received minimal attention even though this condition poses large economic and health problems with extensive morbidities and late mortality. Patients with sBPD, however, have been shown to respond to treatments focused not only on ventilatory strategies but also on multidisciplinary approaches where neurodevelopmental support, growth promoting strategies, and aggressive treatment of pulmonary hypertension improve their long-term outcomes. In this review we will try to present a physiology-based ventilatory strategy for established sBPD, emphasizing a possible paradigm shift from acute efforts to wean infants at all costs to a more chronic approach of stabilizing the infant. This chronic approach, herein referred to as chronic phase ventilation, aims at allowing active patient engagement, reducing air trapping, and improving ventilation-perfusion matching, while providing sufficient support to optimize late outcomes. IMPACT: Based on pathophysiological aspects of evolving and established severe BPD in premature infants, this review presents some lung mechanical properties of the most severe phenotype and proposes a chronic phase ventilatory strategy that aims at reducing air trapping, improving ventilation-perfusion matching and optimizing late outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.