SynthesisJournal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance2021
Four-dimensional flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance in tetralogy of Fallot: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dyssynchrony-Induced Cardiomyopathy in Children: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Contemporary Management.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Review
- Characteristic flow of different right ventricular outflow tract morphology in repaired tetralogy of fallot patients studied by 4D-flow cardiac magnetic resonance images.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- 4D Flow Yields Similar Clinical Results Compared To 2D Phase Contrast for Decision Making Regarding Pulmonary Valve Replacement in Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- Non-enhanced MRI flow evaluation using 4D versus 2D phase-contrast in repaired Tetralogy of Fallot adults.European radiology · 2025Article
- Review of the Current State of Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in Tetralogy of Fallot-state of the art.Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy · 2025Review
- Characterization of Intracardiac Flow in the Right Ventricle With Pressure and Volume Overload in Children.Cardiology research · 2025Article
- Right Ventricular Restrictive Physiology Is Associated With Right Ventricular Direct Flow From 4D Flow CMR.JACC. Asia · 2024Article
- Diastolic Right Ventricle Dysfunction in Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot: Is it Time for 4D-Flow-MRI Parameters?JACC. Asia · 2024Article
- Importance of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Applied to Congenital Heart Diseases in Pediatric Age: A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2022 Cases of SCMR case series.Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance · 2024Review
- Enhanced echocardiographic assessment of intracardiac flow in congenital heart disease.PloS one · 2024Article
- Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in repaired tetralogy of Fallot: A longitudinal midterm follow-up study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Advanced Imaging Technologies for Assessing Tetralogy of Fallot: Insights Into Flow Dynamics.CJC pediatric and congenital heart disease · 2023Review
- Use of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance for Risk Stratification in Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot.CJC pediatric and congenital heart disease · 2023Review
- Pulmonary valve replacement in a large and tortuous right ventricle outflow tract with a 32 mm Myval valve under local anaesthesia: challenges and technical considerations: a case report.European heart journal. Case reports · 2023Article
- 4D Flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance consensus statement: 2023 update.Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance · 2023Review
- Fetal cardiovascular blood flow MRI: techniques and applications.The British journal of radiology · 2023Review
- 2021-2022 state of our JCMR.Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance · 2022Review
- Impact of ferumoxytol vs gadolinium on 4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance measurements in small children with congenital heart disease.Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPatients with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) often develop cardiovascular dysfunction and require regular imaging to evaluate deterioration and time interventions such as pulmonary valve replacement. Four-dimensional flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (4D flow CMR) enables detailed assessment of flow characteristics in all chambers and great vessels. We performed a systematic review of intra-cardiac 4D flow applications in rTOF patients, to examine clinical utility and highlight optimal methods for evaluating rTOF patients.
methodsA comprehensive literature search was undertaken in March 2020 on Google Scholar and Scopus. A modified version of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool was used to assess and score the applicability of each study. Important clinical outcomes were assessed including similarities and differences.
resultsOf the 635 articles identified, 26 studies met eligibility for systematic review. None of these were below 59% applicability on the modified CASP score. Studies could be broadly classified into four groups: (i) pilot studies, (ii) development of new acquisition methods, (iii) validation and (vi) identification of novel flow features. Quantitative comparison with other modalities included 2D phase contrast CMR (13 studies) and echocardiography (4 studies). The 4D flow study applications included stroke volume (18/26;69%), regurgitant fraction (16/26;62%), relative branch pulmonary artery flow(4/26;15%), systolic peak velocity (9/26;35%), systemic/pulmonary total flow ratio (6/26;23%), end diastolic and end systolic volume (5/26;19%), kinetic energy (5/26;19%) and vorticity (2/26;8%).
conclusions4D flow CMR shows potential in rTOF assessment, particularly in retrospective valve tracking for flow evaluation, velocity profiling, intra-cardiac kinetic energy quantification, and vortex visualization. Protocols should be targeted to pathology. Prospective, randomized, multi-centered studies are required to validate these new characteristics and establish their clinical use.
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