Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34011338›Full record

SynthesisBMC public health2021

The effectiveness of graphic health warnings on tobacco products: a systematic review on perceived harm and quit intentions.

Bo Pang, Pamela Saleme, Tori Seydel, Jeawon Kim, Kathy Knox, Sharyn Rundle-Thiele

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Bo PangSocial marketing @ Griffith, Department of Marketing, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia. b.pang@griffith.edu.au.ORCID 0000-0003-3227-3612
Pamela SalemeSocial marketing @ Griffith, Department of Marketing, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
Tori SeydelSocial marketing @ Griffith, Department of Marketing, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
Jeawon KimSocial marketing @ Griffith, Department of Marketing, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
Kathy KnoxSocial marketing @ Griffith, Department of Marketing, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
Sharyn Rundle-ThieleSocial marketing @ Griffith, Department of Marketing, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.

Funding

Department of Health, Australian Government N/A
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundExamination of the format and framing of the graphic health warnings (GHWs) on tobacco products and their impact on tobacco cessation has received increasing attention. This review focused on systematically identifying and synthesizing evidence of longitudinal studies that evaluate different GHW formats and specifically considered GHW influence on perceived risk of tobacco use and quit intentions.

methodsTen databases were systematically searched for relevant records in December 2017 and again in September 2019. Thirty-five longitudinal studies were identified and analyzed in terms of the formatting of GHWs and the outcomes of perceived risk and quit intentions. Quality assessment of all studies was conducted.

resultsThis review found graphics exceeding 50% of packs were the most common ratio for GHWs, and identified an ongoing reliance on negatively framed messages and limited source attribution. Perceived harms and quit intentions were increased by GHWs. However, wear-out effects were observed regardless of GHW format indicating the length of time warnings are present in market warrants ongoing research attention to identify wear out points. Quit intentions and perceived harm were also combined into a cognitive response measure, limiting the evaluation of the effects of each GHW format variables in those cases. In addition, alternative GHW package inserts were found to be a complimentary approach to traditional GHWs.

conclusionsThis review demonstrated the role of GHWs on increasing quit intentions and perceptions of health risks by evaluating quality-assessed longitudinal research designs. The findings of this study recommend testing alternate GHW formats that communicate quit benefits and objective methodologies to extend beyond self-report.

Indexed as

Smoking CessationTobacco ProductsHumansIntentionLongitudinal StudiesProduct LabelingGraphic health warningSystematic reviewTobacco

Identifiers

PMID34011338
PMCPMC8135180

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.