ArticleBMC health services research2021
The statistical approach in trial-based economic evaluations matters: get your statistics together!
Article in BMC health services research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- How to prevent missing data in cost-effectiveness analyses alongside cardiovascular disease trials? A review on methods of administration of patient-reported outcomes.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2026Pooled it
- A 12-Month Trial-Based Economic Evaluation Comparing Positive Parenting Program (Triple P) and Circle of Security Parenting Program (COSP) Versus Treatment as Usual for Families With Young Children (2-6 Years).Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2026Trial
- Economic evaluation of lymphaticovenous anastomosis versus conservative therapy for breast cancer-related lymphoedema: secondary outcome analysis of a randomized clinical trial.The British journal of surgery · 2026Trial
- Endoscopic Ultrasonography-Guided Gastroenterostomy Is More Cost Effective Than Surgical Gastrojejunostomy: A Health-Economic Evaluation Alongside a Randomized Trial.United European gastroenterology journal · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Cost-effectiveness of a periodic fasting-mimicking diet programme in patients with type 2 diabetes: a trial-based analysis and a lifetime model-based analysis.BMC primary care · 2025Trial
- The cost of drug repurposing: parallel economic evaluation of mirtazapine for severe breathlessness in the multinational BETTER-B trial.BMC health services research · 2025Trial
- Minimal vs Specialized Exercise Equipment for Pulmonary Rehabilitation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Relacorilant plus nab-paclitaxel for recurrent, platinum-resistant ovarian cancer: a cost-effectiveness study.Journal of gynecologic oncology · 2025Trial
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of the Assessment of Burden of Chronic Conditions (ABCC) tool in primary care in the Netherlands.BMJ open · 2025Trial
- Cost-Effectiveness of an Interdisciplinary, Internet-Based Transgender Health Care Program in Germany: Economic Evaluation Alongside a Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Trial
- Cost-effectiveness of school integrated pest management and air filtration in students with asthma.Allergy and asthma proceedings · 2025Trial
- Cooled versus conventional radiofrequency treatment of the genicular nerves for chronic knee pain: 12-month and cost-effectiveness results from the multicenter COCOGEN trial.Regional anesthesia and pain medicine · 2025Trial
- Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy for a Degenerative Meniscus Tear Is Not Cost Effective Compared With Placebo Surgery: An Economic Evaluation Based on the FIDELITY Trial Data.Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2024Trial
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of health tapestry, a complex primary care program for older adults: a post-hoc analysis.BMC primary care · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Cost-effectiveness of Transforaminal epidural steroid injections for patients with ACUTE sciatica: a randomized controlled trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Cost-Effectiveness of Group Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Anxiety Disorders in Primary Care Settings: Economic Evaluation From the Healthcare System Perspective Over a 1-Year Time Horizon.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2024Trial
- Cost-effectiveness of early rhythm control vs. usual care in atrial fibrillation care: an analysis based on data from the EAST-AFNET 4 trial.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2023Trial
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBaseline imbalances, skewed costs, the correlation between costs and effects, and missing data are statistical challenges that are often not adequately accounted for in the analysis of cost-effectiveness data. This study aims to illustrate the impact of accounting for these statistical challenges in trial-based economic evaluations.
methodsData from two trial-based economic evaluations, the REALISE and HypoAware studies, were used. In total, 14 full cost-effectiveness analyses were performed per study, in which the four statistical challenges in trial-based economic evaluations were taken into account step-by-step. Statistical approaches were compared in terms of the resulting cost and effect differences, ICERs, and probabilities of cost-effectiveness.
resultsIn the REALISE study and HypoAware study, the ICER ranged from 636,744€/QALY and 90,989€/QALY when ignoring all statistical challenges to - 7502€/QALY and 46,592€/QALY when accounting for all statistical challenges, respectively. The probabilities of the intervention being cost-effective at 0€/ QALY gained were 0.67 and 0.59 when ignoring all statistical challenges, and 0.54 and 0.27 when all of the statistical challenges were taken into account for the REALISE study and HypoAware study, respectively.
conclusionsNot accounting for baseline imbalances, skewed costs, correlated costs and effects, and missing data in trial-based economic evaluations may notably impact results. Therefore, when conducting trial-based economic evaluations, it is important to align the statistical approach with the identified statistical challenges in cost-effectiveness data. To facilitate researchers in handling statistical challenges in trial-based economic evaluations, software code is provided.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.