Observational studyBMC pregnancy and childbirth2021
Antenatal management and maternal/fetal outcomes associated with hyperglycaemia in pregnancy (HIP) in Uganda; a prospective cohort study.
Observational study in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Educational films for improving perinatal outcomes associated with gestational diabetes in Uganda and India: a cluster randomised trial.BMJ global health · 2026Trial
- Impact of early diagnosis of overt diabetes on pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study among Brazilian women.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.AJOG global reports · 2026Review
- Hyperglycaemia in pregnancy: the role of ethnicity and geography in risk and outcomes.Diabetologia · 2025Review
- Observational
- Incidence of overt diabetes in pregnancy among women with 50-g glucose challenge test ≥ 200 mg/dL.Diabetology international · 2024Article
- Overt Diabetes in Pregnancy.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHyperglycaemia in pregnancy (HIP) is associated with complications for both mother and baby. The prevalence of the condition is likely to increase across Africa as the continent undergoes a rapid demographic transition. However, little is known about the management and pregnancy outcomes associated with HIP in the region, particularly less severe forms of hyperglycaemia. It is therefore important to generate local data so that resources may be distributed effectively. The aim of this study was to describe the antenatal management and maternal/fetal outcomes associated with HIP in Ugandan women.
methodsA prospective cohort study of 2917 pregnant women in five major hospitals in urban/semi-urban central Uganda. Women were screened with oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Cases of gestational diabetes (GDM) and diabetes in pregnancy (DIP) were identified (WHO 2013 diagnostic criteria) and received standard care. Data was collected on maternal demographics, anthropometrics, antenatal management, umbilical cord c-peptide levels, and pregnancy outcomes.
resultsTwo hundred and seventy-six women were diagnosed with HIP (237 classified as GDM and 39 DIP). Women had between one and four fasting capillary blood glucose checks during third trimester. All received lifestyle advice, one quarter (69/276) received metformin therapy, and one woman received insulin. HIP was associated with large birthweight (unadjusted relative risk 1.30, 95% CI 1.00-1.68), Caesarean delivery (RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.14-1.57) and neonatal hypoglycaemia (RR 4.37, 95% CI 1.36-14.1), but not perinatal mortality or preterm birth. Pregnancy outcomes were generally worse for women with DIP compared with GDM.
conclusionHIP is associated with significant adverse pregnancy outcomes in this population, particularly overt diabetes in pregnancy. However pregnancy outcomes in women with milder forms of hyperglycaemia are similar to those with normoglycaemic pregnancies. Intervention strategies are required to improve current monitoring and management practice, and more research needed to understand if this is a cost-effective way of preventing poor perinatal outcomes.
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