ArticleJournal of vision2021
Dual strategies in human confidence judgments.
Article in Journal of vision, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Stimulus reliability but not boundary distance manipulations violate the folded-X pattern of confidence.Cognition · 2026Article
- Perceptual confidence has near perfect access to the existence of discrete representations, but only weak access to precision.Cognition · 2026Article
- Computational and Neuronal Basis of Visual Confidence.Annual review of vision science · 2025Review
- Asymmetrical monitoring of subjective asynchronies: a metacognitive generalized STEARC effect.Psychological research · 2025Article
- Automatic multisensory integration follows subjective confidence rather than objective performance.Communications psychology · 2025Article
- How museum-based creative-product experiences shape cultural confidence via cultural cognition and cultural identity.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Challenging the Bayesian confidence hypothesis in perceptual decision-making.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Bayesian confidence in optimal decisions.Psychological review · 2024Article
- How do humans give confidence? A comprehensive comparison of process models of perceptual metacognition.Journal of experimental psychology. General · 2024Article
- Metacognitive bias resulting from trade-off between local and global motion signals.Journal of vision · 2023Article
- Modality independent or modality specific? Common computations underlie confidence judgements in visual and auditory decisions.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
- Feeling lucky? Prospective and retrospective cues for sensorimotor confidence.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
- Consensus Goals in the Field of Visual Metacognition.Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2022Article
- Suprathreshold perceptual decisions constrain models of confidence.PLoS computational biology · 2022Article
- Subjective confidence reflects representation of Bayesian probability in cortex.Nature human behaviour · 2022Article
- Visual metacognition: Measures, models, and neural correlates.The American psychologist · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Although confidence is commonly believed to be an essential element in decision-making, it remains unclear what gives rise to one's sense of confidence. Recent Bayesian theories propose that confidence is computed, in part, from the degree of uncertainty in sensory evidence. Alternatively, observers can use physical properties of the stimulus as a heuristic to confidence. In the current study, we developed ideal observer models for either hypothesis and compared their predictions against human data obtained from psychophysical experiments. Participants reported the orientation of a stimulus, and their confidence in this estimate, under varying levels of internal and external noise. As predicted by the Bayesian model, we found a consistent link between confidence and behavioral variability for a given stimulus orientation. Confidence was higher when orientation estimates were more precise, for both internal and external sources of noise. However, we observed the inverse pattern when comparing between stimulus orientations: although observers gave more precise orientation estimates for cardinal orientations (a phenomenon known as the oblique effect), they were more confident about oblique orientations. We show that these results are well explained by a strategy to confidence that is based on the perceived amount of noise in the stimulus. Altogether, our results suggest that confidence is not always computed from the degree of uncertainty in one's perceptual evidence but can instead be based on visual cues that function as simple Heuristics to confidence.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.