ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2021
The Mortality and Overall Survival Trends of Primary Liver Cancer in the United States.
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Diagnostic Value of Circulating microRNAs for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Results of a Meta-analysis and Validation.Biochemical genetics · 2026Pooled it
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment Receipt in the United States: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Diagnostic Accuracy of Serum/Plasma Circular RNAs and the Combination of Circular RNAs and α-Fetoprotein for Detecting Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Pooled it
- A randomized trial of mailed outreach with behavioral economic interventions to improve liver cancer surveillance.Hepatology communications · 2024Trial
- Functional heterogeneity of exosomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Review
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma Survival in People With and Without HIV in the United States, 2001-2019.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Elevation of liver elasticity following radiofrequency ablation reflects neutrophil-mediated abscopal effect in liver cancer.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026Article
- Trends in mortality from liver cancer with hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis in the United States, 1999-2020: a retrospective population-based study.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- The global epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma.Hepatology communications · 2026Review
- TTLL12 counteracts BPOZ-2 to stabilize eEF1A1 and promote hepatocarcinogenesis.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Nanozyme for precision treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Risk Scores for Stratifying Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Optimizing Surveillance Strategies.Cancers · 2026Review
- Trends and disparities in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma mortality in the United States, 1999-2024: a CDC WONDER analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- A novel auto-fluorescent porphyrin-lipid nanoparticle strategy for CTNNB1 gene silencing in hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Health and economic gains from bariatric surgery in Portugal: an in-depth analysis using a Markov model.Health economics review · 2025Article
- Identification of palmitoylation-related lncRNAs as prognostic biomarkers and immune modulators in HCC.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Article
- US cancer deaths prevented due to survival improvements stratified by extent of disease, 2010-2019.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- From Early Diagnoses to New Treatments for Liver, Pancreatic, Gastric, and Colorectal Cancers Using Carbon Nanotubes: New Chances Still Underexplored.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Automated Literature Screening for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment Through Integration of 3 Large Language Models: Methodological Study.JMIR medical informatics · 2025Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRecent trends of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mortality and outcome remain unknown in the United States. We investigated the recent trends of primary liver cancer (excluding intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma) mortality and HCC stage, treatment, and overall survival (OS) in the United States.
methodsThe National Center for Health Statistics Database was analyzed to investigate the trend of primary liver cancer mortality. We analyzed the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 Database to assess the temporal trend of tumor size, stage, treatment, and OS of HCC. We investigated the association between HCC diagnosis year and OS using Cox regression analysis. All statistical tests were 2-sided.
resultsDuring 2000-2018, liver cancer mortality rates increased until 2013, plateaued during 2013-2016 (annual percent change = 0.1%/y, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -2.1%/y to 2.4%/y, P = .92), and started to decline during 2016-2018 (annual percent change = -1.5%/y, 95% CI = -3.2%/y to 0.2%/y, P = .08). However, mortality continues to increase in American Indian and Alaska Native, individuals aged 65 years or older, and in 33 states. There was a 0.61% (95% CI = 0.53% to 0.69%, P < .001) increase in localized stage HCC and a 0.86-mm (95% CI = -1.10 to -0.62 mm, P < .001) decrease in median tumor size per year. The 1-year OS rate increased from 36.3% (95% CI = 34.3% to 38.3%) to 58.1% (95% CI = 56.9% to 59.4%) during 2000-2015, and the 5-year OS rate almost doubled from 11.7% (95% CI = 10.4% to 13.1%) to 21.3% (95% CI = 20.2% to 22.4%) during 2000-2011. Diagnosis year (per year) (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.96 to 0.97) was independently associated with OS in multivariable analysis.
conclusionsPrimary liver cancer mortality rates have started to decline in the United States with demographic and state-level variation. With an increasing detection of localized HCC, the OS of HCC has improved over the past decades.
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