ArticleBlood2021
Toward prevention of childhood ALL by early-life immune training.
Article in Blood, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modulation of theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Trial
- Timing of microbial exposure and risk of infection-promoted acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Haematologica · 2026Article
- Area-Based Marginalization and Incidence of Childhood Cancer.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Early-life infections and childhood cancer risk: a nationwide cohort study of 2 million children.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Distinct functional and compositional properties in the gut microbiome of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia identified by shotgun metagenomics.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): A Contemporary Emerging and Struggling Clinical Event.Pediatric reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Article
- Green space quantity and exposure in relation to the risk of immune-mediated diseases: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer diagnoses, oncological care and cancer patients in Germany: a report from the "COVID & Cancer" workshop 2023 of the German Society for Epidemiology (DGEpi).Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2024Article
- Backtracking childhood leukaemia to birth: A battle of addition.British journal of haematology · 2024Article
- Non-Coding RNAs and Innate Immune Responses in Cancer.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Advances and challenges in cancer immunoprevention and immune interception.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Review
- Exclusive Breastfeeding Duration and Risk of Childhood Cancers.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- A gut instinct for childhood leukemia prevention: microbiome-targeting recommendations aimed at parents and caregivers.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- Multiple roles for AU-rich RNA binding proteins in the development of haematologic malignancies and their resistance to chemotherapy.RNA biology · 2024Review
- IKAROS-how many feathers have you lost: mild and severe phenotypes inFrontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Impact of pinworm infection on the development of murine B-cell leukemia/lymphoma in the presence and absence ofHaematologica · 2023Article
- Worms on stage.Haematologica · 2023Article
- Age and ligand specificity influence the outcome of pathogen engagement on preleukemic and leukemic B-cell precursor populations.Blood advances · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) is the most common form of childhood cancer. Chemotherapy is associated with life-long health sequelae and fails in ∼20% of cases. Thus, prevention of leukemia would be preferable to treatment. Childhood leukemia frequently starts before birth, during fetal hematopoiesis. A first genetic hit (eg, the ETV6-RUNX1 gene fusion) leads to the expansion of preleukemic B-cell clones, which are detectable in healthy newborn cord blood (up to 5%). These preleukemic clones give rise to clinically overt leukemia in only ∼0.2% of carriers. Experimental evidence suggests that a major driver of conversion from the preleukemic to the leukemic state is exposure to immune challenges. Novel insights have shed light on immune host responses and how they shape the complex interplay between (1) inherited or acquired genetic predispositions, (2) exposure to infection, and (3) abnormal cytokine release from immunologically untrained cells. Here, we integrate the recently emerging concept of "trained immunity" into existing models of childhood BCP-ALL and suggest future avenues toward leukemia prevention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.