ArticlePloS one2021
Race and other sociodemographic categories are differentially linked to multiple dimensions of interpersonal-level discrimination: Implications for intersectional, health research.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association ofFrontiers in genetics · 2023Pooled it
- Major Lifetime Discrimination Exposure Accelerates Brain Microstructural Aging: Diffusion MRI Evidence From MIDUS.Biopsychosocial science and medicine · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic disparities and nutritional aging: how food insecurity and financial hardship accelerate health decline in older adults.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Burden of Unfair Treatment and Subclinical Atherosclerotic Risk Among Black Adults: The Moderating Role of Religious Coping.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Pain when it "counts": hurdle analysis of clinical pain ratings improves data model performance.Pain reports · 2025Article
- Racial Discrimination, Religious Coping, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among African American Women and Men.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- From Race and Ethnicity as Proxy Variables to Measuring What It Means: The Next Evolution of Health Equity Research.American journal of public health · 2025Article
- Multilevel Racism and Discrimination and Cardiovascular Disease and Related Biopsychosocial Mechanisms: An Integrated Scoping and Literature Review and Future Research Agenda.Current cardiology reports · 2025Article
- Discrimination, religious affiliation, and arterial stiffness in African American women and men.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2024Article
- Embracing Black heterogeneity: the importance of intersectionality in research on anti-Black racism and health care equity in Canada.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2024Article
- A multivariable model of barriers to COVID-19 vaccination: Using cross sectional data from a nationally distributed survey in the United States.Preventive medicine · 2023Article
- How Discrimination Gets Under the Skin: Biological Determinants of Discrimination Associated With Dysregulation of the Brain-Gut Microbiome System and Psychological Symptoms.Biological psychiatry · 2023Article
- Racism as a Source of Pain.Journal of general internal medicine · 2023Review
- Intersectional vulnerability in the relationship between discrimination and inflammatory gene expression.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- Racial Disparities in Respectful Maternity Care During Pregnancy and Birth After Cesarean in Rural United States.Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN · 2023Observational
- Review
- Inequities in quality perinatal care in the United States during pregnancy and birth after cesarean.PloS one · 2022Article
- Adding Insult to Injury: Everyday Discrimination Moderates Stressor-Related Negative Affect.Behavioral medicine (Washington, D.C.)Article
- Studying gender in the experiences of patients with heart failure: A scoping review of qualitative studies and methodological recommendations.Women's health (London, England)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo examine whether intersections of race with other key sociodemographic categories contribute to variations in multiple dimensions of race- and non-race-related, interpersonal-level discrimination and burden in urban-dwelling African Americans and Whites.
methodsData from 2,958 participants aged 30-64 in the population-based Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study were used to estimate up to four-way interactions of race, age, gender, and poverty status with reports of racial and everyday discrimination, discrimination across multiple social statuses, and related lifetime discrimination burden in multiple regression models.
resultsWe observed that: 1) African Americans experienced all forms of discrimination more frequently than Whites, but this finding was qualified by interactions of race with age, gender, and/or poverty status; 2) older African Americans, particularly African American men, and African American men living in poverty reported the greatest lifetime discrimination burden; 3) older African Americans reported greater racial discrimination and greater frequency of multiple social status-based discrimination than younger African Americans; 4) African American men reported greater racial and everyday discrimination and a greater frequency of social status discrimination than African American women; and, 5) White women reported greater frequency of discrimination than White men. All p's < .05.
conclusionsWithin African Americans, older, male individuals with lower SES experienced greater racial, lifetime, and multiple social status-based discrimination, but this pattern was not observed in Whites. Among Whites, women reported greater frequency of discrimination across multiple social statuses and other factors (i.e., gender, income, appearance, and health status) than men. Efforts to reduce discrimination-related health disparities should concurrently assess dimensions of interpersonal-level discrimination across multiple sociodemographic categories, while simultaneously considering the broader socioecological context shaping these factors.
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