ArticleNaunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology2021
Limonin modulated immune and inflammatory responses to suppress colorectal adenocarcinoma in mice model.
Article in Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme (SOD2) at the crossroads of redox signaling and cancer progression.Free radical research · 2026Review
- Natural products targeting the Nrf2 signaling pathway: potential targets and intervention strategies for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Compromised blood-brain barrier in traumatic brain injury model ofIranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Article
- The Role of Zuo Jin Wan in Modulating the Tumor Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2025Article
- Sishen Pill and its active phytochemicals in treating inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer: an overview.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Revealing Propolis Potential Activity on Inhibiting Estrogen Receptor and Heat Shock Protein 90 Overexpressed in Breast Cancer by Bioinformatics Approaches.Bioinformatics and biology insights · 2024Article
- The Dual Role of NRF2 in Colorectal Cancer: Targeting NRF2 as a Potential Therapeutic Approach.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Review
- Limonin ameliorates indomethacin-induced intestinal damage and ulcers through Nrf2/ARE pathway.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Article
- Review
- Bioactivity guided isolation and identification of phenolic compounds fromCurrent research in food science · 2022Article
- Flavonoids against non-physiologic inflammation attributed to cancer initiation, development, and progression-3PM pathways.The EPMA journal · 2021Review
- Limonin Alleviates Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Reducing Lipid Accumulation, Suppressing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inflammation and compromised immune responses often increase colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. The immune-modulating effects of limonin on carcinogen/inflammation-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) were studied in mice. Male Balb/c mice were randomly assorted into three groups (n = 6): healthy control, non-treated CRC-induced (azoxymethane/dextran-sulfate-sodium AOM/DSS) control, and CRC-induced + 50 mg limonin/kg body weight. The CRC developments were monitored via macroscopic, histopathological, ELISA, and mRNA expression analyses. Limonin downregulated inflammation (TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α), enhanced the adaptive immune responses (CD8, CD4, and CD19), and upregulated antioxidant defense (Nrf2, SOD2) mRNA expressions. Limonin reduced serum malondialdehyde (MDA, lipid peroxidation biomarker), prostaglandin E2, and histopathology inflammation scores, while increasing reduced glutathione (GSH) in CRC-induced mice. Limonin significantly (p < 0.05) increased T cells (CD4 and CD8) and B cells (CD19) in spleen tissues. The CD335 (natural killer cells) were increased in the CRC-induced mice and limonin treatment restored them to normal levels suggesting reinstatement to normal colon conditions. Limonin apparently mitigated CRC development, by ameliorating adaptive immune responses (CD8, CD4, and CD19), reducing inflammation (serum prostaglandin E2; TNF-α, innate immune responses) and oxidative stress, and enhancing the endogenous anti-oxidation defense reactions (GSH) in CRC-induced mice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.