ReviewJournal of neurology2021
COVID-19 and neuroinflammation: a literature review of relevant neuroimaging and CSF markers in central nervous system inflammatory disorders from SARS-COV2.
Review in Journal of neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- SARS-CoV-2-associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: a systematic review of the literature.Journal of neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Neurodegenerative and Cognitive Consequences of Long COVID.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- MRI-Based Quantitative Assessment of Normal-Appearing White and Gray Matter Demyelination in Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's Disease, Long COVID, and Normal Aging.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM): Current View into Etiopathogenesis and Clinical Features.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- No brain MRI abnormalities after mild-to-moderate COVID-19: an observational study.Neuroradiology · 2025Observational
- Article
- Long-term Neurological Consequences of COVID-19 in Patients With Pre-existing Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease: A Comprehensive Review.Neuroscience insights · 2025Review
- Demyelination in Patients with POST-COVID Depression.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Opsoclonus-Myoclonus-Ataxia Syndrome Due to Covid-19.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2024Article
- Neurocognitive Changes in Patients with Post-COVID Depression.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Extracellular Vesicles: The Invisible Heroes and Villains of COVID-19 Central Neuropathology.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Acute transverse myelitis (ATM) associated with COVID 19 infection and vaccination: A case report and literature review.AIMS neuroscience · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2-associated organs failure and inflammation: a focus on the role of cellular and viral microRNAs.Virology journal · 2023Review
- Article
- COVID-19-Induced Stroke and the Potential of Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in the Regulation of Neuroinflammation.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- Mild Encephalitis/Encephalopathy with a Reversible Lesion in The Splenium.Noro psikiyatri arsivi · 2023Article
- Exosomes in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Current Perspectives and Future Challenges.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Clinical Profile and Outcomes of COVID-19-Associated Transverse Myelitis: A Case Report and Review of Literature.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2022Review
- Role of Demyelination in the Persistence of Neurological and Mental Impairments after COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Issues related to post-COVID-19 syndrome.World journal of methodology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe literature on neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients has been rapidly increasing with the pandemic. However, data on CNS inflammatory disorders in COVID-19 are still evolving. We performed a literature review of CNS inflammatory disorders associated with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19).
methodsWe screened all articles resulting from a search of PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus, using the keywords; "SARS-CoV-2 and neurological complication", "SARS-CoV-2 and CNS Complication" looking for reports of transverse myelitis, longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, neuromyelitis optica, myelitis, Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Disorder (MOGAD), Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalitis/Acute Hemorrhagic Leukoencephalitis (AHNE/AHLE), Cytotoxic lesion of the Corpus Callosum/Mild Encephalopathy Reversible Splenium Lesion(CLOCC/MERS) and Optic neuritis published between December 01, 2019 and March 15, 2021.
resultsOur literature search revealed 43 patients meeting the diagnosis of myelitis, including Transverse Myelitis, ADEM, AHNE/AHLE or CLOCC/MERS and Optic neuritis. Acute myelitis was most commonly associated with non-severe COVID-19 and all reported cases of AHNE/AHLE had severe COVID-19 infection. Based on IDSA/ATS criteria of either requiring vasopressor for septic shock or mechanical ventilation, 49% (n = 18) patients were considered to have a severe COVID infection. There were 7 (n = 19%) fatalities.
conclusionTo our knowledge, this is among the first reviews that includes the clinical features, neuroimaging, CSF findings and outcomes in COVID-19-associated CNS inflammatory disorders. Our observational review study reveals that although rare, myelitis, ADEM, AHNE and CLOCC can be associated with COVID-19 infection. Further studies using MRI imaging and CSF analysis in early diagnosis and intervention of these disorders are warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.