Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34009435›Full record

Trial reportDiabetologia2021

The effect of morning vs evening exercise training on glycaemic control and serum metabolites in overweight/obese men: a randomised trial.

Trine Moholdt, Evelyn B Parr, Brooke L Devlin, Julia Debik, Guro Giskeødegård, John A Hawley

Open access · hybridAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetologia, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
64citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
9.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

64 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Trine MoholdtDepartment of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. trine.moholdt@ntnu.no.ORCID 0000-0003-1024-8088
Evelyn B ParrExercise & Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-1710-6381
Brooke L DevlinExercise & Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-9317-2351
Julia DebikDepartment of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-2765-8043
Guro GiskeødegårdDepartment of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.ORCID 0000-0003-2157-8824
John A HawleyExercise & Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia. john.hawley@acu.edu.au.ORCID 0000-0002-0886-9881
Norwegian University of Science and Technology · NOAustralian Catholic University · AULa Trobe University · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aims/hypothesisWe determined whether the time of day of exercise training (morning vs evening) would modulate the effects of consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) on glycaemic control, whole-body health markers and serum metabolomics.

methodsIn this three-armed parallel-group randomised trial undertaken at a university in Melbourne, Australia, overweight/obese men consumed an HFD (65% of energy from fat) for 11 consecutive days. Participants were recruited via social media and community advertisements. Eligibility criteria for participation were male sex, age 30-45 years, BMI 27.0-35.0 kg/m

resultsTwenty-five participants were randomised (morning exercise n = 9; evening exercise n = 8; no exercise n = 8) and 24 participants completed the study and were included in analyses (n = 8 per group). Five days of HFD induced marked perturbations in serum metabolites related to lipid and amino acid metabolism. Exercise training had a smaller impact than the HFD on changes in circulating metabolites, and only exercise undertaken in the evening was able to partly reverse some of the HFD-induced changes in metabolomic profiles. Twenty-four-hour glucose concentrations were lower after 5 days of HFD compared with the participants' habitual diet (5.3 ± 0.4 vs 5.6 ± 0.4 mmol/l, p = 0.001). There were no significant changes in 24 h glucose concentrations for either exercise group but lower nocturnal glucose levels were observed in participants who trained in the evening, compared with when they consumed the HFD alone (4.9 ± 0.4 vs 5.3 ± 0.3 mmol/l, p = 0.04). Compared with the no-exercise group, peak oxygen uptake improved after both morning (estimated effect 1.3 ml min CONCLUSIONS/

interpretationA short-term HFD in overweight/obese men induced substantial alterations in lipid- and amino acid-related serum metabolites. Improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness were similar regardless of the time of day of exercise training. However, improvements in glycaemic control and partial reversal of HFD-induced changes in metabolic profiles were only observed when participants exercise trained in the evening.

trial registrationanzctr.org.au registration no. ACTRN12617000304336.

fundingThis study was funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF14OC0011493).

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2AdultBlood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringExerciseGlycemic ControlHumansMaleMiddle AgedObesityOverweightBlood GlucoseBlood glucose levelCircadian rhythmHigh-fat dietHigh-intensity interval trainingSerum metabolomics

Identifiers

PMID34009435
PMCPMC8382617
OpenAlexW3162848330

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.