Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34009334›Full record

ArticleNucleic acids research2021

Vaxign2: the second generation of the first Web-based vaccine design program using reverse vaccinology and machine learning.

Edison Ong, Michael F Cooke, Anthony Huffman, Zuoshuang Xiang, Mei U Wong, Haihe Wang, Meenakshi Seetharaman, Ninotchka Valdez, Yongqun He

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nucleic acids research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
56citing papers in PubMed
5.7field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

56 citing papers in PubMed, 107 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Pangenome-GuidedPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Edison OngDepartment of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Michael F CookeSchool of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Anthony HuffmanDepartment of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Zuoshuang XiangUnit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Mei U WongUnit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Haihe WangDepartment of Pathogenobiology, Daqing Branch of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Helongjiang, China.
Meenakshi SeetharamanUndergraduate Research Opportunity Program, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Ninotchka ValdezUndergraduate Research Opportunity Program, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Yongqun HeDepartment of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9189-9661
University of Michigan · USHarbin Medical University · CN

Funding

Ontology-based Information Network to Support Vaccine ResearchR01AI081062 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI HE, YONGQUN · 2009 to 2012
$1.1M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI081062
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Vaccination is one of the most significant inventions in medicine. Reverse vaccinology (RV) is a state-of-the-art technique to predict vaccine candidates from pathogen's genome(s). To promote vaccine development, we updated Vaxign2, the first web-based vaccine design program using reverse vaccinology with machine learning. Vaxign2 is a comprehensive web server for rational vaccine design, consisting of predictive and computational workflow components. The predictive part includes the original Vaxign filtering-based method and a new machine learning-based method, Vaxign-ML. The benchmarking results using a validation dataset showed that Vaxign-ML had superior prediction performance compared to other RV tools. Besides the prediction component, Vaxign2 implemented various post-prediction analyses to significantly enhance users' capability to refine the prediction results based on different vaccine design rationales and considerably reduce user time to analyze the Vaxign/Vaxign-ML prediction results. Users provide proteome sequences as input data, select candidates based on Vaxign outputs and Vaxign-ML scores, and perform post-prediction analysis. Vaxign2 also includes precomputed results from approximately 1 million proteins in 398 proteomes of 36 pathogens. As a demonstration, Vaxign2 was used to effectively analyse SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus causing COVID-19. The comprehensive framework of Vaxign2 can support better and more rational vaccine design. Vaxign2 is publicly accessible at http://www.violinet.org/vaxign2.

Indexed as

Drug DesignInternetMachine LearningSoftwareVaccinesAntigens, ViralCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesEpitopesHumansProteomeSARS-CoV-2Spike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusVaccinologyWorkflowAntigens, ViralCOVID-19 VaccinesEpitopesProteomeSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2Vaccines

Identifiers

PMID34009334
PMCPMC8218197
OpenAlexW3162421907

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.