Trial reportRheumatology (Oxford, England)2022
Blood PD-1+TFh and CTLA-4+CD4+ T cells predict remission after CTLA-4Ig treatment in early rheumatoid arthritis.
Trial report in Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Low Th2 and high PD1+ TFh cells in blood predict remission after CTLA-4Ig treatment for 48 weeks in early rheumatoid arthritis.PloS one · 2025Trial
- Association of rheumatoid factor, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies and shared epitope with clinical response to initial treatment in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: data from a randomised controlled trial.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2024Trial
- Costimulation loss enhances IL-2-driven Treg generation by PI3K-STAT3 inhibition in CNS autoimmunity.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Pathogenic Drivers of Difficult-to-Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis: Synovium and Beyond.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- T follicular helper cells in primary immune regulatory disorders.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Review
- Immune-cell profiling to guide stratification and treatment of patients with rheumatic diseases.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2025Review
- Association of Soluble Immune Checkpoint Molecules PD1 and 4-1BB With CTLA-4Ig Treatment Response in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis.ACR open rheumatology · 2025Article
- Transitional and CD21BMC rheumatology · 2025Article
- Exploring the differential functions of circulating follicular helper T and peripheral helper T cells in rheumatoid arthritis based on metabolism patterns.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Resolution of inflammation during rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- New Therapeutic Strategies for the Inflammatory Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease: Emphasizing Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Associated exo-miRNA or exo-lncRNA.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2024Review
- Article
- Augmenting regulatory T cells: new therapeutic strategy for rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- CD4+ T-cell subsets in autoimmune hepatitis: A review.Hepatology communications · 2023Review
- Effect of DMARDs on the immunogenicity of vaccines.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2023Review
- Role of ceRNA network in inflammatory cells of rheumatoid arthritis.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2023Article
- Role of sPD-1 and sPD-Ls in the pathogenesis of connective tissue disease.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2023Article
- T follicular helper cells and T follicular regulatory cells in autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Current understanding of CTLA-4: from mechanism to autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- B7-1 mediates podocyte injury and glomerulosclerosis through communication with Hsp90ab1-LRP5-β-catenin pathway.Cell death and differentiation · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTreatment with CTLA-4Ig blocks T-cell activation and is clinically effective in RA. However, it is unknown if specific CD4+ T-cell subsets in blood at baseline predict remission after CTLA-4Ig, or other biological treatments with different modes of action, and how treatment affects CD4+ T cells in patients with untreated early RA (eRA).
methodsThis study included 60 patients with untreated eRA from a larger randomized trial. They were treated with methotrexate combined with CTLA-4Ig (abatacept, n = 17), anti-IL6 receptor (tocilizumab, n = 21) or anti-TNF (certolizumab-pegol, n = 22). Disease activity was assessed by clinical disease activity index (CDAI), DAS28, swollen joint counts, tender joint counts, CRP and ESR. The primary outcome was CDAI remission (CDAI ≤ 2.8) at week 24. Proportions of 12 CD4+ T-cell subsets were measured by flow cytometry at baseline and after 4, 12 and 24 weeks of treatment.
resultsIn patients treated with CTLA-4Ig, the proportions of PD-1+TFh and CTLA-4+ conventional CD4+ T cells at baseline predicted CDAI remission at week 24. CD4+ T-cell subset proportions could not predict remission after treatment with anti-IL6R or anti-TNF. The percentage of regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing CTLA-4 decreased in all treatment arms by 24 weeks, but only CTLA-4Ig treatment significantly reduced the proportions of Tregs and PD-1+T follicular helper (TFh) cells.
conclusionThese findings indicate that circulating proportions PD-1+TFh and CTLA-4+ conventional CD4+ T cells at baseline may serve as predictive biomarkers for remission in early RA after CTLA-4Ig treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.