ReviewJournal of diabetes research2021
Metformin and Fibrosis: A Review of Existing Evidence and Mechanisms.
Review in Journal of diabetes research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06332612 (Repurposing Metformin for the Treatment of Oral Submucous Fibrosis), which is not on this map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Repurposing Metformin for the Treatment of Oral Submucous Fibrosis: Unraveling Novel Signaling Pathways In Vitro and Advancing to Clinical Trial"
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness and mechanism of metformin in animal models of pulmonary fibrosis: A preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist prevents pulmonary fibrosis following acute COVID-19 infection associated with type 2 diabetes.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Article
- Metformin: interferon's new dancing partner?Haematologica · 2026Article
- Safety and clinical considerations of alopecia therapies during pregnancy, fertility treatment, and polycystic ovary syndrome workup.International journal of women's dermatology · 2026Review
- Association of Statin Use with Reduced Primary Liver Cancer Risk, Independent of Age and Cirrhosis Protection in MASLD.Cancers · 2026Article
- Combined Therapy with Pirfenidone, Metformin, and Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Metformin inhibits proliferation of residing fibroadipogenic progenitor cells from failing human hearts.ESC heart failure · 2026Article
- Metformin for preventing esophageal stricture after circumferential endoscopic submucosal dissection in a canine model.Gastroenterology report · 2026Article
- Diabetes and cancer: therapeutic implications.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2026Review
- Safety of Alopecia Treatments in Patients with Breast Cancer and High-Risk Women: A Review.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2025Review
- Article
- Compounded metformin 10%/triamcinolone 0.1%/gabapentin 6% for treatment of extragenital lichen sclerosus.JAAD case reports · 2025Article
- Age-specific protective effects of statins against cirrhosis in patients with chronic liver enzyme elevation associated with metabolic dysfunction: a retrospective cohort study of electronic health records.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Metformin Attenuates Vocal Fold Fibrosis via AMPK Signaling.Inflammation · 2025Article
- Combinational Therapy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Metformin in Bleomycin-Induced Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rat Model.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Using Disease Symptomatology to Guide Treatment in Patients with Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia: Introduction of C-CAT Scoring Tool.Skin appendage disorders · 2025Article
- Targeting the Epigenetic Regulator CBX5 Promotes Fibroblast Metabolic Reprogramming and Inhibits Lung Fibrosis.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2025Article
- The ameliorative effects of metformin and taurine against thioacetamide hepatotoxicity in rats.Toxicology research · 2025Article
- Deciphering the interplay: circulating cell-free DNA, signaling pathways, and disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.3 Biotech · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fibrosis is a physiological response to organ injury and is characterized by the excessive deposition of connective tissue components in an organ, which results in the disruption of physiological architecture and organ remodeling, ultimately leading to organ failure and death. Fibrosis in the lung, kidney, and liver accounts for a substantial proportion of the global burden of disability and mortality. To date, there are no effective therapeutic strategies for controlling fibrosis. A class of metabolically targeted chemicals, such as adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists, shows strong potential in fighting fibrosis. Metformin, which is a potent AMPK activator and is the only recommended first-line drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, has emerged as a promising method of fibrosis reduction or reversion. In this review, we first summarize the key experimental and clinical studies that have specifically investigated the effects of metformin on organ fibrosis. Then, we discuss the mechanisms involved in mediating the antifibrotic effects of metformin in depth.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.