ArticleInnovations in pharmacy2020
Good Literacy to Enhance Response in Diabetes Mellitus (GLITTER-DM).
Article in Innovations in pharmacy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review Examining the Behavior Change Techniques in Medication Adherence Intervention Studies Among People With Type 2 Diabetes.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2024Pooled it
- The Effect of Health Literacy Intervention on Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- The effectiveness of a literacy-sensitive educational program on glycemic control and clinical outcomes for illiterate individuals with diabetes: A quasi-experimental study.Journal of education and health promotion · 2026Article
- Moderating effect of health literacy on the relationship between diabetes self-management education and self-care monitoring activities among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Effect of Health Literacy Intervention on Glycemic Control and Renal Function Among Thai Older Adults at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Clinical interventions in aging · 2023Article
- The Use of Diabetes Technology to Address Inequity in Health Outcomes: Limitations and Opportunities.Current diabetes reports · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of individualized communication strategies and self-management action plans to improve A1c control at 3 months in patients with low health literacy.
methodsA prospective, open-labeled, pilot study was conducted on 23 patients with diabetes mellitus in a pharmacist-led ambulatory care clinic. Patients who had a Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine- Revised (REALM-R) score of 6 or less and an A1c greater than 7% upon study entry were included. The first group received the teach-back method, personalized actions, and follow-up phone calls to assess comprehension (N = 12). The second group was assigned to usual care (N = 11).
resultsPatients receiving literacy-appropriate interventions had greater A1c percent reduction (A1c difference of -2.0 ± 1.3 vs -1.0 ± 2.2; P = 0.02) and less hyperglycemic events per week (0.1 vs. 2.1; P = 0.04). There were no differences in the number of hypoglycemic events, testing frequency, medication-adherence rates, or hospitalizations and emergency room visits related to diabetes.
conclusionLiteracy-appropriate methods such as the teach-back method, personalized action plans, and telephone follow-ups may improve glycemic control in low health literate patients with diabetes. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS AND INNOVATIONS: The findings from this study suggest that pharmacists may improve diabetes outcomes when managing patients who possess low health literacy using simplified teaching methods.
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