ArticleMedical devices (Auckland, N.Z.)2021
Thermographic Assessment of Reperfusion Profile Following Using a Tourniquet in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Observational Study.
Article in Medical devices (Auckland, N.Z.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Natural history of changes in knee skin temperature following total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Machine Learning Calibration of Smartphone-Based Infrared Thermal Cameras: Improved Bias and Persistent Random Error.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Clinical Applications, Legal Considerations and Implementation Challenges of Smartphone-Based Thermography: A Scoping Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInfrared thermal imaging is a non-invasive technique capable of detecting changes in temperature that could ultimately signify changes in blood supply. Flir One is a smartphone-based thermal camera, working by a downloadable application, capable of detecting the limb temperature through a non-contact method using infrared thermography technology. Using the Flir One camera, we will assess the lower limb reperfusion profile following the tourniquet release post total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
methodsA prospective study included 46 patients who underwent primary TKA. We used the (Flir One Gen 3) thermographic camera to capture images at ankle joint preoperatively, and at 1, 10, and 20 minutes post tourniquet release on operation side. The contralateral ankle stands as control.
resultsThe mean preoperative temperature (in Celsius) of ankle control side and operated side were 33.03 (SD=1.65) and 33.26 (SD=1.42), respectively. The mean ankle temperature on operation side was 19.73 (SD=2.85), 30.49 (SD=2), and 32.43 (SD=1.31) at 1, 10, and 20 minutes post tourniquet release, respectively, while the control side showed a mean temperature of 32.85 (SD=1.42), 32.84 (SD=0.91), and 33.15 (SD=0.95) at the same time intervals. There was a significant statistical difference between both ankle temperatures at 1 and 10 minutes (P=0.00 for each time). At 20 minutes, 37 ankles (80.4%) at operation side reached a temperature level similar but below the level of control side; however, the difference was not significant (P=0.692).
conclusionInfrared thermography using the smartphone-connected camera is a simple, non-invasive, feasible, and reliable technology. It provides an objective measure to assess the perfusion status of the limbs. In TKA, the distal limb will reach full reperfusion status after approximately 20 minutes of tourniquet release.
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