ArticleClinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry2021
The Prevalence and Determinant Factors of Oral Halitosis in Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emotional and Social Impact of Halitosis on Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence and determinants of self-reported halitosis in Saudi Arabia: a nationwide cross-sectional study.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Article
- Laser Interventions for Intraoral Halitosis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward halitosis among dental patients at Zewditu memorial hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Frontiers in oral health · 2025Article
- Parental Perception of Oral Halitosis in Their Children and Its Effect on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study.Patient preference and adherence · 2025Article
- Clinical parameters in patients with halitosis: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOral halitosis, unpleasant or offensive odor to others, has become a major health concern among the general population, ranking the third most common reason for seeking a dentist behind dental caries and periodontal disease. Even though there have been repeated cases of halitosis in Ethiopia, there is no documented evidence.
objectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of halitosis in Northwest Ethiopia and to examine the relationship between halitosis and sociodemographic factors, oral habits, and health practices.
methodsFrom December 2019 to March 30, 2020, a hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A systematic random sampling method was used to select study participants. Following informed consent, sociodemographic characteristics were collected using structured questionnaires, and two qualified dental surgeons performed the oral examination. The organoleptic test was used to assess the presence of halitosis.
resultsSix hundred sixty-one people took part in the study, with a mean age of 30.0 ±14.76 years. The prevalence of oral halitosis was 44.2% (95% CI: 40.39-47.96) among the study participants. Participants with no formal education were more prone to oral halitosis. Oral halitosis was common in students (18.5%), low-income individuals (22.2%), rural residents (12.3%), mouth breathers (19.1%), and participants with poor oral hygiene practices (15.3%). Independent factors of halitosis included rural residency (AOR=1.40, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.67), low economic status (AOR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.06,3.09), poor tooth brushing habit (AOR=1.85 (1.31, 2.61), smoking (AOR=2.69 (1.39, 5.21) and dental caries (AOR=8.74 (5.57, 13.71).
conclusionThe prevalence of oral halitosis was 44.2% among the study participants. Rural residency, low monthly income, poor tooth-brushing habit, smoking, and dental caries were independent factors of halitosis.
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