ArticleNeuropsychiatric disease and treatment2021
Mechanism of Autophagy Regulation in MPTP-Induced PD Mice via the mTOR Signaling Pathway by Echinacoside.
Article in Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Herbal Interventions in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Pooled it
- Hydrogen sulfide regulation in redox homeostasis and programmed cell death: mechanistic insights and implications in cancer.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Whole Transcriptome Analysis of Substantia Nigra in Mice with MPTP-Induced Parkinsonism Bearing Defective Glucocerebrosidase Activity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Bacopa Protects against Neurotoxicity Induced by MPPMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Therapeutic Potential and Molecular Mechanisms of Echinacoside in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
- Retracted
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the effect of echinacoside on autophagy-related indicators through the mTOR signaling pathway, especially the effect on the clearance of autophagy substrate P62 and α-synuclein, the core pathological products of Parkinson's disease (PD), to provide new strategies for the treatment of PD.
methodsA mouse model of subacute PD was established by the intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). First, the neurobehavioral symptoms in mice of each group were evaluated, and the monoamine neurotransmitters in the striatum in each group were measured with a high-performance liquid phase. Immunofluorescence double staining was adopted to observe the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), α-synuclein, and LC3. The transmission electron microscope was used to observe the changes of ultrastructure in substantia nigra and the formation of autophagosomes. Then, the expressions of TH, α-synuclein, Beclin 1, LC3, P62, mTOR, and the up-stream protein AKT were detected by Western blot.
resultsWhen compared with the model group, the neurobehavioral function significantly improved in the echinacoside group (P < 0.01), together with increased expression of TH, DA, and DOPAC in the brain (P < 0.01). In the echinacoside group, while the expressions of Beclin 1 and LC3-II increased (P < 0.01), the expression levels of P62 and α-synuclein decreased significantly (P < 0.01). Echinacoside could up-regulate the expression level of the survival signal p-AKT/AKT and decrease the expression of mTOR.
conclusionEchinacoside could increase autophagy by inhibiting the expression of mTOR, thereby promoting the clearance of α-synuclein and the degradation of the autophagy substrate P62 and exerting the neuroprotective effect.
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