ReviewNature reviews. Clinical oncology2021
Intratumoural administration and tumour tissue targeting of cancer immunotherapies.
Review in Nature reviews. Clinical oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07188246 (A Trial of Neoadjuvant, Hypofractionated Radiation, With Intratumoural Pembrolizumab Followed by Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy, in Stage 3 or High-risk Stage 2 Breast Cancer), which is not on this map. Cited by 268 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Trial of Neoadjuvant, Hypofractionated Radiation, With Intratumoural Pembrolizumab Followed by Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy, in Stage 3 or High-risk Stage 2 Breast Cancer
Who cites it
268 citing papers in PubMed, 456 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- CT-guided intratumoral immunotherapy for advanced solid tumors: a prospective clinical study of safety and systemic antitumor effects.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Trial
- BO-112 Plus Pembrolizumab for Patients With Anti-PD-1-Resistant Advanced Melanoma: Phase II Clinical Trial SPOTLIGHT-203.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2025Trial
- Pilot clinical trial of neoadjuvant toll-like receptor 7 agonist (Imiquimod) immunotherapy in early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Intratumoral delivery of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors for recurrent/refractory solid tumors: a proof-of-concept treatment strategy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Review
- Challenges and opportunities in combining radiotherapy and immunotherapy for localized pancreatic cancer.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- cGAS-STING pathway activation drives the cold-to-hot tumor transition and sensitizes immunotherapy.Cancer biology & medicine · 2026Review
- Dual Drug-Loaded Enzyme-Responsive Liposomes Exert Specific Modulation on Liver Cancer Cells and Tumor-Associated Macrophages In Vitro.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Article
- Clinical Progress in Virotherapy: Application and Future Prospects in Head and Neck Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Combinatorial in situ cancer vaccines: unlocking broad and enhanced antitumor responses.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Revisiting the Immunological Landscape of Locoregional Therapies for Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Shift Toward Interventional Immuno-Oncology.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
- Comprehensive treatment for intracranial invasive sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma with a focus on radiotherapy dosage and immunological combination therapy: A case report.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Covalent tumor anchoring spatially orchestrates antitumor immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Local immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer: scientific advances and clinical potential.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: integrating molecular insights for targeted interventions.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Multistage responsive microneedle delivery system loaded oncolytic virus for topical therapy of melanoma.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- Review
- mRNA lipid-nanoparticle-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis augments adoptive T cell immunotherapy.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
208 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are revolutionizing oncology and haematology practice. With these and other immunotherapies, however, systemic biodistribution raises safety issues, potentially requiring the use of suboptimal doses or even precluding their clinical development. Delivering or attracting immune cells or immunomodulatory factors directly to the tumour and/or draining lymph nodes might overcome these problems. Hence, intratumoural delivery and tumour tissue-targeted compounds are attractive options to increase the in situ bioavailability and, thus, the efficacy of immunotherapies. In mouse models, intratumoural administration of immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies, pattern recognition receptor agonists, genetically engineered viruses, bacteria, cytokines or immune cells can exert powerful effects not only against the injected tumours but also often against uninjected lesions (abscopal or anenestic effects). Alternatively, or additionally, biotechnology strategies are being used to achieve higher functional concentrations of immune mediators in tumour tissues, either by targeting locally overexpressed moieties or engineering 'unmaskable' agents to be activated by elements enriched within tumour tissues. Clinical trials evaluating these strategies are ongoing, but their development faces issues relating to the administration methodology, pharmacokinetic parameters, pharmacodynamic end points, and immunobiological and clinical response assessments. Herein, we discuss these approaches in the context of their historical development and describe the current landscape of intratumoural or tumour tissue-targeted immunotherapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.