ArticleJournal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology2021
Simultaneous modeling of detection rate and exposure concentration using semi-continuous models to identify exposure determinants when left-censored data may be a true zero.
Article in Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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10 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
backgroundMost methods for treating left-censored data assume the analyte is present but not quantified. Biased estimates may result if the analyte is absent such that the unobserved data represents a mixed exposure distribution with an unknown proportion clustered at zero.
objectiveWe used semi-continuous models to identify time and industry trends in 52,457 OSHA inspection lead sample results.
methodThe first component of the semi-continuous model predicted the probability of detecting concentrations ≥ 0.007 mg/m
resultsThe probabilities of detectable concentrations and the median detected concentrations decreased with year; both were also lower for measurements analyzed for multiple (vs. one) metals and for those analyzed by inductively-coupled plasma (vs. atomic absorption spectroscopy). The covariance was 0.30 (standard error = 0.06), confirming the two components were correlated. SIGNIFICANCE: We identified determinants of exposure in data with over 60% left-censored, while accounting for correlated relationships and without assuming a distribution for the censored data.
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