ArticleNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2021
Updated Diagnostic Criteria for Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes.
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In one paragraph
Article in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 369 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
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369citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
50.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
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Who cites it
369 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 655 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Clinical features of paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes with anti-Ri antibodies: PRISMA systematic review.Journal of neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Relative Frequency and Distinctive Features of Anti-Ma2 Nonparaneoplastic Neurologic Disorders: A French Cohort Study.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Pooled it
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- Clinical and Paraclinical Characterizations, Management, and Prognosis in DPPX Antibody-Associated Encephalitis: A Systematic Review.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Pooled it
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- Paraneoplastic Intracellular Neuropathies: A Narrative Review.Neurology and therapy · 2026Review
- Copine-4 Paraneoplastic Autoimmune Encephalitis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
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- Ophelia-like Paraneoplastic Limbic Encephalitis with Haemorrhagic Temporal Lobe Involvement and Cauda Equina Dysfunction in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Case Report.Hematology reports · 2026Article
- Possible Paraneoplastic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Presenting as Respiratory Failure in a Breast Cancer Patient: A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes Associated with Ovarian Tumors: A Case Report and Systematic Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- [The nervous system and communication: polyneuropathy and the role of the peripheral nervous system].Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie · 2026Review
- Bilateral Upper Extremity Superficial Venous Thrombosis and Altered Mental Status as Initial Manifestations of Aggressive B-Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome in association with Sjögren's syndrome: a case report.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Article
- Article
309 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 1 institution in 5 countries.
Francesc GrausFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (F.G., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Référence National pour les Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasique (A.V., S.M.-C., J.-C.G.A., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Hôpital Neurologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon; SynatAc Team (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), NeuroMyoGene Institute, INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR5310, Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Université de Lyon; Service de Neurologie (J.-C.G.A.), CHU de Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Neurology (D.D., A.M.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neurology Unit (B.G.), Trento Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per I Servizi Sanitari (APSS) di Trento, Italy; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel/Lübeck; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (H.P.), and Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Centre de Compétence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et Encéphalites Autoimmunes (D.P.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology 2 Mazarin (D.P.), and INSERM U 1127 (D.P.), CNRS UMR 7225, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière Groupe, Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtriêre et Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Medicine (C.A.V.), University of Bergen; Department of Neurology (C.A.V.), Haukeland University Hospital; Neuro-SysMed-Centre of Excellence for Experimental Therapy in Neurology (C.A.V.), Departments of Neurology and Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway; and Neurology Department (J.J.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
Alberto VogrigFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (F.G., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Référence National pour les Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasique (A.V., S.M.-C., J.-C.G.A., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Hôpital Neurologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon; SynatAc Team (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), NeuroMyoGene Institute, INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR5310, Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Université de Lyon; Service de Neurologie (J.-C.G.A.), CHU de Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Neurology (D.D., A.M.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neurology Unit (B.G.), Trento Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per I Servizi Sanitari (APSS) di Trento, Italy; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel/Lübeck; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (H.P.), and Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Centre de Compétence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et Encéphalites Autoimmunes (D.P.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology 2 Mazarin (D.P.), and INSERM U 1127 (D.P.), CNRS UMR 7225, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière Groupe, Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtriêre et Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Medicine (C.A.V.), University of Bergen; Department of Neurology (C.A.V.), Haukeland University Hospital; Neuro-SysMed-Centre of Excellence for Experimental Therapy in Neurology (C.A.V.), Departments of Neurology and Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway; and Neurology Department (J.J.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-3652-7061
Sergio Muñiz-CastrilloFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (F.G., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Référence National pour les Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasique (A.V., S.M.-C., J.-C.G.A., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Hôpital Neurologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon; SynatAc Team (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), NeuroMyoGene Institute, INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR5310, Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Université de Lyon; Service de Neurologie (J.-C.G.A.), CHU de Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Neurology (D.D., A.M.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neurology Unit (B.G.), Trento Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per I Servizi Sanitari (APSS) di Trento, Italy; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel/Lübeck; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (H.P.), and Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Centre de Compétence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et Encéphalites Autoimmunes (D.P.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology 2 Mazarin (D.P.), and INSERM U 1127 (D.P.), CNRS UMR 7225, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière Groupe, Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtriêre et Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Medicine (C.A.V.), University of Bergen; Department of Neurology (C.A.V.), Haukeland University Hospital; Neuro-SysMed-Centre of Excellence for Experimental Therapy in Neurology (C.A.V.), Departments of Neurology and Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway; and Neurology Department (J.J.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-5958-3288
Jean-Christophe G AntoineFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (F.G., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Référence National pour les Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasique (A.V., S.M.-C., J.-C.G.A., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Hôpital Neurologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon; SynatAc Team (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), NeuroMyoGene Institute, INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR5310, Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Université de Lyon; Service de Neurologie (J.-C.G.A.), CHU de Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Neurology (D.D., A.M.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neurology Unit (B.G.), Trento Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per I Servizi Sanitari (APSS) di Trento, Italy; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel/Lübeck; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (H.P.), and Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Centre de Compétence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et Encéphalites Autoimmunes (D.P.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology 2 Mazarin (D.P.), and INSERM U 1127 (D.P.), CNRS UMR 7225, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière Groupe, Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtriêre et Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Medicine (C.A.V.), University of Bergen; Department of Neurology (C.A.V.), Haukeland University Hospital; Neuro-SysMed-Centre of Excellence for Experimental Therapy in Neurology (C.A.V.), Departments of Neurology and Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway; and Neurology Department (J.J.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
Virginie DesestretFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (F.G., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Référence National pour les Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasique (A.V., S.M.-C., J.-C.G.A., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Hôpital Neurologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon; SynatAc Team (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), NeuroMyoGene Institute, INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR5310, Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Université de Lyon; Service de Neurologie (J.-C.G.A.), CHU de Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Neurology (D.D., A.M.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neurology Unit (B.G.), Trento Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per I Servizi Sanitari (APSS) di Trento, Italy; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel/Lübeck; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (H.P.), and Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Centre de Compétence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et Encéphalites Autoimmunes (D.P.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology 2 Mazarin (D.P.), and INSERM U 1127 (D.P.), CNRS UMR 7225, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière Groupe, Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtriêre et Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Medicine (C.A.V.), University of Bergen; Department of Neurology (C.A.V.), Haukeland University Hospital; Neuro-SysMed-Centre of Excellence for Experimental Therapy in Neurology (C.A.V.), Departments of Neurology and Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway; and Neurology Department (J.J.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
Divyanshu DubeyFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (F.G., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Référence National pour les Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasique (A.V., S.M.-C., J.-C.G.A., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Hôpital Neurologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon; SynatAc Team (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), NeuroMyoGene Institute, INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR5310, Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Université de Lyon; Service de Neurologie (J.-C.G.A.), CHU de Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Neurology (D.D., A.M.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neurology Unit (B.G.), Trento Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per I Servizi Sanitari (APSS) di Trento, Italy; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel/Lübeck; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (H.P.), and Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Centre de Compétence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et Encéphalites Autoimmunes (D.P.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology 2 Mazarin (D.P.), and INSERM U 1127 (D.P.), CNRS UMR 7225, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière Groupe, Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtriêre et Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Medicine (C.A.V.), University of Bergen; Department of Neurology (C.A.V.), Haukeland University Hospital; Neuro-SysMed-Centre of Excellence for Experimental Therapy in Neurology (C.A.V.), Departments of Neurology and Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway; and Neurology Department (J.J.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
Bruno GiomettoFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (F.G., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Référence National pour les Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasique (A.V., S.M.-C., J.-C.G.A., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Hôpital Neurologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon; SynatAc Team (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), NeuroMyoGene Institute, INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR5310, Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Université de Lyon; Service de Neurologie (J.-C.G.A.), CHU de Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Neurology (D.D., A.M.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neurology Unit (B.G.), Trento Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per I Servizi Sanitari (APSS) di Trento, Italy; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel/Lübeck; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (H.P.), and Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Centre de Compétence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et Encéphalites Autoimmunes (D.P.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology 2 Mazarin (D.P.), and INSERM U 1127 (D.P.), CNRS UMR 7225, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière Groupe, Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtriêre et Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Medicine (C.A.V.), University of Bergen; Department of Neurology (C.A.V.), Haukeland University Hospital; Neuro-SysMed-Centre of Excellence for Experimental Therapy in Neurology (C.A.V.), Departments of Neurology and Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway; and Neurology Department (J.J.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
Sarosh R IraniFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (F.G., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Référence National pour les Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasique (A.V., S.M.-C., J.-C.G.A., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Hôpital Neurologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon; SynatAc Team (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), NeuroMyoGene Institute, INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR5310, Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Université de Lyon; Service de Neurologie (J.-C.G.A.), CHU de Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Neurology (D.D., A.M.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neurology Unit (B.G.), Trento Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per I Servizi Sanitari (APSS) di Trento, Italy; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel/Lübeck; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (H.P.), and Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Centre de Compétence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et Encéphalites Autoimmunes (D.P.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology 2 Mazarin (D.P.), and INSERM U 1127 (D.P.), CNRS UMR 7225, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière Groupe, Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtriêre et Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Medicine (C.A.V.), University of Bergen; Department of Neurology (C.A.V.), Haukeland University Hospital; Neuro-SysMed-Centre of Excellence for Experimental Therapy in Neurology (C.A.V.), Departments of Neurology and Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway; and Neurology Department (J.J.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-7667-9748
Bastien JoubertFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (F.G., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Référence National pour les Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasique (A.V., S.M.-C., J.-C.G.A., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Hôpital Neurologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon; SynatAc Team (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), NeuroMyoGene Institute, INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR5310, Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Université de Lyon; Service de Neurologie (J.-C.G.A.), CHU de Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Neurology (D.D., A.M.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neurology Unit (B.G.), Trento Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per I Servizi Sanitari (APSS) di Trento, Italy; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel/Lübeck; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (H.P.), and Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Centre de Compétence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et Encéphalites Autoimmunes (D.P.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology 2 Mazarin (D.P.), and INSERM U 1127 (D.P.), CNRS UMR 7225, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière Groupe, Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtriêre et Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Medicine (C.A.V.), University of Bergen; Department of Neurology (C.A.V.), Haukeland University Hospital; Neuro-SysMed-Centre of Excellence for Experimental Therapy in Neurology (C.A.V.), Departments of Neurology and Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway; and Neurology Department (J.J.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-4631-3056
Frank LeypoldtFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (F.G., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Référence National pour les Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasique (A.V., S.M.-C., J.-C.G.A., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Hôpital Neurologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon; SynatAc Team (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), NeuroMyoGene Institute, INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR5310, Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Université de Lyon; Service de Neurologie (J.-C.G.A.), CHU de Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Neurology (D.D., A.M.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neurology Unit (B.G.), Trento Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per I Servizi Sanitari (APSS) di Trento, Italy; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel/Lübeck; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (H.P.), and Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Centre de Compétence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et Encéphalites Autoimmunes (D.P.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology 2 Mazarin (D.P.), and INSERM U 1127 (D.P.), CNRS UMR 7225, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière Groupe, Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtriêre et Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Medicine (C.A.V.), University of Bergen; Department of Neurology (C.A.V.), Haukeland University Hospital; Neuro-SysMed-Centre of Excellence for Experimental Therapy in Neurology (C.A.V.), Departments of Neurology and Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway; and Neurology Department (J.J.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
Andrew McKeonFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (F.G., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Référence National pour les Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasique (A.V., S.M.-C., J.-C.G.A., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Hôpital Neurologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon; SynatAc Team (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), NeuroMyoGene Institute, INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR5310, Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Université de Lyon; Service de Neurologie (J.-C.G.A.), CHU de Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Neurology (D.D., A.M.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neurology Unit (B.G.), Trento Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per I Servizi Sanitari (APSS) di Trento, Italy; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel/Lübeck; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (H.P.), and Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Centre de Compétence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et Encéphalites Autoimmunes (D.P.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology 2 Mazarin (D.P.), and INSERM U 1127 (D.P.), CNRS UMR 7225, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière Groupe, Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtriêre et Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Medicine (C.A.V.), University of Bergen; Department of Neurology (C.A.V.), Haukeland University Hospital; Neuro-SysMed-Centre of Excellence for Experimental Therapy in Neurology (C.A.V.), Departments of Neurology and Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway; and Neurology Department (J.J.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
Harald PrüssFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (F.G., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Référence National pour les Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasique (A.V., S.M.-C., J.-C.G.A., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Hôpital Neurologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon; SynatAc Team (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), NeuroMyoGene Institute, INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR5310, Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Université de Lyon; Service de Neurologie (J.-C.G.A.), CHU de Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Neurology (D.D., A.M.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neurology Unit (B.G.), Trento Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per I Servizi Sanitari (APSS) di Trento, Italy; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel/Lübeck; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (H.P.), and Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Centre de Compétence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et Encéphalites Autoimmunes (D.P.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology 2 Mazarin (D.P.), and INSERM U 1127 (D.P.), CNRS UMR 7225, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière Groupe, Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtriêre et Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Medicine (C.A.V.), University of Bergen; Department of Neurology (C.A.V.), Haukeland University Hospital; Neuro-SysMed-Centre of Excellence for Experimental Therapy in Neurology (C.A.V.), Departments of Neurology and Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway; and Neurology Department (J.J.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
Dimitri PsimarasFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (F.G., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Référence National pour les Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasique (A.V., S.M.-C., J.-C.G.A., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Hôpital Neurologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon; SynatAc Team (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), NeuroMyoGene Institute, INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR5310, Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Université de Lyon; Service de Neurologie (J.-C.G.A.), CHU de Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Neurology (D.D., A.M.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neurology Unit (B.G.), Trento Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per I Servizi Sanitari (APSS) di Trento, Italy; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel/Lübeck; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (H.P.), and Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Centre de Compétence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et Encéphalites Autoimmunes (D.P.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology 2 Mazarin (D.P.), and INSERM U 1127 (D.P.), CNRS UMR 7225, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière Groupe, Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtriêre et Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Medicine (C.A.V.), University of Bergen; Department of Neurology (C.A.V.), Haukeland University Hospital; Neuro-SysMed-Centre of Excellence for Experimental Therapy in Neurology (C.A.V.), Departments of Neurology and Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway; and Neurology Department (J.J.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
Laure ThomasFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (F.G., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Référence National pour les Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasique (A.V., S.M.-C., J.-C.G.A., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Hôpital Neurologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon; SynatAc Team (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), NeuroMyoGene Institute, INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR5310, Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Université de Lyon; Service de Neurologie (J.-C.G.A.), CHU de Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Neurology (D.D., A.M.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neurology Unit (B.G.), Trento Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per I Servizi Sanitari (APSS) di Trento, Italy; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel/Lübeck; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (H.P.), and Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Centre de Compétence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et Encéphalites Autoimmunes (D.P.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology 2 Mazarin (D.P.), and INSERM U 1127 (D.P.), CNRS UMR 7225, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière Groupe, Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtriêre et Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Medicine (C.A.V.), University of Bergen; Department of Neurology (C.A.V.), Haukeland University Hospital; Neuro-SysMed-Centre of Excellence for Experimental Therapy in Neurology (C.A.V.), Departments of Neurology and Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway; and Neurology Department (J.J.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
Maarten J TitulaerFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (F.G., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Référence National pour les Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasique (A.V., S.M.-C., J.-C.G.A., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Hôpital Neurologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon; SynatAc Team (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), NeuroMyoGene Institute, INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR5310, Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Université de Lyon; Service de Neurologie (J.-C.G.A.), CHU de Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Neurology (D.D., A.M.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neurology Unit (B.G.), Trento Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per I Servizi Sanitari (APSS) di Trento, Italy; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel/Lübeck; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (H.P.), and Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Centre de Compétence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et Encéphalites Autoimmunes (D.P.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology 2 Mazarin (D.P.), and INSERM U 1127 (D.P.), CNRS UMR 7225, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière Groupe, Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtriêre et Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Medicine (C.A.V.), University of Bergen; Department of Neurology (C.A.V.), Haukeland University Hospital; Neuro-SysMed-Centre of Excellence for Experimental Therapy in Neurology (C.A.V.), Departments of Neurology and Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway; and Neurology Department (J.J.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
Christian A VedelerFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (F.G., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Référence National pour les Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasique (A.V., S.M.-C., J.-C.G.A., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Hôpital Neurologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon; SynatAc Team (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), NeuroMyoGene Institute, INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR5310, Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Université de Lyon; Service de Neurologie (J.-C.G.A.), CHU de Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Neurology (D.D., A.M.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neurology Unit (B.G.), Trento Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per I Servizi Sanitari (APSS) di Trento, Italy; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel/Lübeck; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (H.P.), and Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Centre de Compétence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et Encéphalites Autoimmunes (D.P.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology 2 Mazarin (D.P.), and INSERM U 1127 (D.P.), CNRS UMR 7225, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière Groupe, Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtriêre et Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Medicine (C.A.V.), University of Bergen; Department of Neurology (C.A.V.), Haukeland University Hospital; Neuro-SysMed-Centre of Excellence for Experimental Therapy in Neurology (C.A.V.), Departments of Neurology and Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway; and Neurology Department (J.J.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
Jan J VerschuurenFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (F.G., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Référence National pour les Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasique (A.V., S.M.-C., J.-C.G.A., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Hôpital Neurologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon; SynatAc Team (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), NeuroMyoGene Institute, INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR5310, Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Université de Lyon; Service de Neurologie (J.-C.G.A.), CHU de Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Neurology (D.D., A.M.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neurology Unit (B.G.), Trento Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per I Servizi Sanitari (APSS) di Trento, Italy; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel/Lübeck; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (H.P.), and Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Centre de Compétence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et Encéphalites Autoimmunes (D.P.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology 2 Mazarin (D.P.), and INSERM U 1127 (D.P.), CNRS UMR 7225, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière Groupe, Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtriêre et Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Medicine (C.A.V.), University of Bergen; Department of Neurology (C.A.V.), Haukeland University Hospital; Neuro-SysMed-Centre of Excellence for Experimental Therapy in Neurology (C.A.V.), Departments of Neurology and Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway; and Neurology Department (J.J.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
Josep DalmauFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (F.G., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Référence National pour les Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasique (A.V., S.M.-C., J.-C.G.A., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Hôpital Neurologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon; SynatAc Team (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), NeuroMyoGene Institute, INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR5310, Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Université de Lyon; Service de Neurologie (J.-C.G.A.), CHU de Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Neurology (D.D., A.M.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neurology Unit (B.G.), Trento Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per I Servizi Sanitari (APSS) di Trento, Italy; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel/Lübeck; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (H.P.), and Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Centre de Compétence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et Encéphalites Autoimmunes (D.P.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology 2 Mazarin (D.P.), and INSERM U 1127 (D.P.), CNRS UMR 7225, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière Groupe, Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtriêre et Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Medicine (C.A.V.), University of Bergen; Department of Neurology (C.A.V.), Haukeland University Hospital; Neuro-SysMed-Centre of Excellence for Experimental Therapy in Neurology (C.A.V.), Departments of Neurology and Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway; and Neurology Department (J.J.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
Jerome HonnoratFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (F.G., J.D.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Référence National pour les Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasique (A.V., S.M.-C., J.-C.G.A., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Hôpital Neurologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon; SynatAc Team (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), NeuroMyoGene Institute, INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR5310, Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (A.V., S.M.-C., V.D., B.J., L.T., J.H.), Université de Lyon; Service de Neurologie (J.-C.G.A.), CHU de Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Neurology (D.D., A.M.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Neurology Unit (B.G.), Trento Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per I Servizi Sanitari (APSS) di Trento, Italy; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (S.R.I.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel/Lübeck; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (H.P.), and Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (H.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Centre de Compétence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et Encéphalites Autoimmunes (D.P.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology 2 Mazarin (D.P.), and INSERM U 1127 (D.P.), CNRS UMR 7225, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière Groupe, Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtriêre et Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.T.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Medicine (C.A.V.), University of Bergen; Department of Neurology (C.A.V.), Haukeland University Hospital; Neuro-SysMed-Centre of Excellence for Experimental Therapy in Neurology (C.A.V.), Departments of Neurology and Clinical Medicine, Bergen, Norway; and Neurology Department (J.J.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands. jerome.honnorat@chu-lyon.fr.
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 · FR
Funding
Department of HealthMedical Research Council MR/V007173/1Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 104079/Z/14/Z
Abstract
objectiveThe contemporary diagnosis of paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes (PNSs) requires an increasing understanding of their clinical, immunologic, and oncologic heterogeneity. The 2004 PNS criteria are partially outdated due to advances in PNS research in the last 16 years leading to the identification of new phenotypes and antibodies that have transformed the diagnostic approach to PNS. Here, we propose updated diagnostic criteria for PNS.
methodsA panel of experts developed by consensus a modified set of diagnostic PNS criteria for clinical decision making and research purposes. The panel reappraised the 2004 criteria alongside new knowledge on PNS obtained from published and unpublished data generated by the different laboratories involved in the project.
resultsThe panel proposed to substitute "classical syndromes" with the term "high-risk phenotypes" for cancer and introduce the concept of "intermediate-risk phenotypes." The term "onconeural antibody" was replaced by "high risk" (>70% associated with cancer) and "intermediate risk" (30%-70% associated with cancer) antibodies. The panel classified 3 levels of evidence for PNS: definite, probable, and possible. Each level can be reached by using the PNS-Care Score, which combines clinical phenotype, antibody type, the presence or absence of cancer, and time of follow-up. With the exception of opsoclonus-myoclonus, the diagnosis of definite PNS requires the presence of high- or intermediate-risk antibodies. Specific recommendations for similar syndromes triggered by immune checkpoint inhibitors are also provided.
conclusionsThe proposed criteria and recommendations should be used to enhance the clinical care of patients with PNS and to encourage standardization of research initiatives addressing PNS.
Indexed as
Practice Guidelines as TopicHumansParaneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous SystemTerminology as Topic
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