ArticleNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2021
Exosomes From Subjects With Multiple Sclerosis Express EBV-Derived Proteins and Activate Monocyte-Derived Macrophages.
Article in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- A framework for blood biomarker discovery in MS.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Review
- Modulation of the immunological and neuroinflammatory microenvironment in older people with multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Epstein-Barr Virus Immunology and Pathogenesis for Possible Diagnostic and Therapeutic Direction.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2026Review
- Epstein-Barr virus associated diseases: Immune alterations and targeted approaches.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Exosomal pHERV-W ENV as a dynamic biomarker for relapse prediction and prognosis in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- In-Depth Characterization of L1CAMInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Extracellular Vesicles in cancer: from isolation and characterization to metastasis, drug resistance, and clinical applications.BMC cancer · 2025Review
- Advances in Circulating Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Traumatic Brain Injuries, and Central Nervous System Tumors.Annals of laboratory medicine · 2025Review
- Brain-derived blood biomarkers in multiple sclerosis-current trends and beyond.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Approaches and Challenges in Characterizing the Molecular Content of Extracellular Vesicles for Biomarker Discovery.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Exosome Cargo in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Leveraging Their Intercellular Communication Capabilities for Biomarker Discovery and Therapeutic Delivery.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Serum Concentrations of Chemokines CCL20, CXCL8 and CXCL10 in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis and Their Association with Presence of Antibodies against Epstein-Barr Virus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Extracellular vesicles and endothelial dysfunction in infectious diseases.Journal of extracellular biology · 2024Review
- EBV and multiple sclerosis: expression of LMP2A in MS patients.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- The Impact of Co-Infections for Human Gammaherpesvirus Infection and Associated Pathologies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Liquid Biopsy in Neurological Diseases.Cells · 2023Review
- Markers of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Inflammation and Epstein-Barr Virus at the Crossroads of Multiple Sclerosis and Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 Infection.Viruses · 2023Review
- Theranostic extracellular vesicles: a concise review of current imaging technologies and labeling strategies.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate in a cross-sectional study the effect of serum-derived exosomes on primary human blood monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) comparing exosomes from healthy donors vs patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in remission and in relapse and to assess whether the response correlates with exosomal Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) protein expression.
methodsA total of 45 serum-derived exosome preparations were isolated from patients and healthy controls and verified for the expression of exosomal and EBV markers. MDMs were differentiated from monocytes for 7 days and incubated for 24 hours with exosomes, and then, cell supernatants were collected for cytokine measurement by cytometric bead array. Cells were immunophenotyped before and after differentiation.
resultsSerum-derived exosomes of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) expressed higher levels of EBV proteins than healthy controls. Of interest, expression of EBV nuclear antigen EBNA1 and latent membrane proteins LMP1 and 2A was higher on exosomes derived from patients with active RRMS compared with healthy controls and stable patients. After data normalization, we observed that incubation with EBV(+) exosomes induced CXCL10 and CCL2 secretion by MDMs. MDMs differentiated from patients with active disease were better secretors of CXCL10 and other interferon-γ-inducible chemokines, including CCL2 and CXCL9, than MDMs from healthy and stable MS groups. MDMs from active patients had a higher frequency of a CD14(++) subset that correlated with the secreted CXCL10.
conclusionExosomes expressing EBV proteins correlate with disease activity and induce an inflammatory response in MDMs that is compounded by the origin of the responder cells.
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