ArticleReproductive health2021
The influence of social and cultural practices on maternal mortality: a qualitative study from South Punjab, Pakistan.
Article in Reproductive health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07225153 (Goat Milk-Derived Formula Alternatives vs. Undiluted Goat Milk in Babies Unable to Exclusively Breastfeed), which is not on this map. Cited by 49 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Goat Milk-Derived Formula Alternatives vs. Undiluted Goat Milk in Babies Unable to Exclusively Breastfeed: Analysis of Growth Metrics and Biological Markers
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Barriers and facilitators to maternal healthcare in East Africa: a systematic review and qualitative synthesis of perspectives from women, their families, healthcare providers, and key stakeholders.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Pooled it
- Maternal and Child Health Training of Traditional Birth Attendants and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2024Pooled it
- Narrative synthesis systematic review of Pakistani women's health outcomes from primary care interventions.BMJ open · 2022Pooled it
- Severe maternal outcomes and their underlying causes in Ethiopia. Systematic review and meta-analysis.Women's health (London, England)Pooled it
- Maternal health service utilization in the Jimma Zone, Ethiopia: results from a baseline study for mobile phone messaging interventions.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Trial
- Technical efficiency of public health facilities in Punjab, Pakistan: application of a two-stage data envelopment analysis.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Correlates of antenatal care visits among expectant mothers in Malawi: application of generalised estimating equations and likelihood-based poisson and negative binomial mixed models.Reproductive health · 2026Article
- Global Trends in Maternal Mortality and Efforts to Improve Maternal Outcomes Through Sociomedical Interventions.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Review
- The economic burden of maternal mortality: a scoping review.Health economics review · 2026Review
- Nexus between sociocultural practices and maternal mortality in Pakistan: a geospatial analysis using Spatial Durbin model and multiscale geographically weighted regression.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Health-promoting lifestyles among suburban women: A critical ethnographic study protocol.PloS one · 2026Article
- Women's postpartum family planning use and intention in Ethiopia: Disparities in the agrarian and pastoral contexts from a community-based cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Community-based health education: a pilot module on maternal and child health for public health students in Pakistan.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Using social ecological model to assess the determinants of health facility birth preparedness practices among Indigenous Maasai women in Northern Tanzania.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Strengthening midwifery and nursing interventions to reduce child mortality in South Asia: a policy and practice review.Journal of global health · 2025Review
- Prevalence and factors associated with postpartum depressive symptoms among mothers who gave birth within the past 12 months in Ghana: mixed-method study.BJPsych open · 2025Article
- Maternal health education and social support needs across the perinatal continuum of care: a thematic analysis of interviews with postpartum women in Punjab, India.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Exploring evidence of healthcare-seeking pathways for maternal complications in Sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Preeclampsia and Prematurity: Implications for Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in a Low-middle Income Country.Oman medical journal · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA disproportionately high rate of maternal deaths is reported in developing and underdeveloped regions of the world. Much of this is associated with social and cultural factors, which form barriers to women utilizing appropriate maternal healthcare. A huge body of research is available on maternal mortality in developing countries. Nevertheless, there is a lack of literature on the socio-cultural factors leading to maternal mortality within the context of the Three Delays Model. The current study aims to explore socio-cultural factors leading to a delay in seeking care in maternal healthcare in South Punjab, Pakistan.
methodsWe used a qualitative method and performed three types of data collection with different target groups: (1) 60 key informant interviews with gynaecologists, (2) four focus group discussions with Lady Health Workers (LHWs), and (3) ten case studies among family members of deceased mothers. The study was conducted in Dera Ghazi Khan, situated in South Punjab, Pakistan. The data was analysed with the help of thematic analysis.
resultsThe study identified that delay in seeking care-and the potentially resulting maternal mortality-is more likely to occur in Pakistan due to certain social and cultural factors. Poor socioeconomic status, limited knowledge about maternal care, and financial constraints among rural people were the main barriers to seeking care. The low status of women and male domination keeps women less empowered. The preference for traditional birth attendants results in maternal deaths. In addition, early marriages and lack of family planning, which are deeply entrenched in cultural values, religion and traditions-e.g., the influence of traditional or spiritual healers-prevented young girls from obtaining maternal healthcare.
conclusionThe prevalence of high maternal mortality is deeply alarming in Pakistan. The uphill struggle to reduce deaths among pregnant women is firmly rooted in addressing certain socio-cultural practices, which create constraints for women seeking maternal care. The focus on poverty reduction and enhancing decision-making power is essential for supporting women's right to medical care.
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Registered trials
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