ReviewRespiratory research2021
An updated overview of e-cigarette impact on human health.
Review in Respiratory research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 238 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
238 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Vaping cessation interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Tobacco control · 2026Pooled it
- Association between current e-cigarette use and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis focusing on exclusive e-cigarette users.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and determinants of e-cigarette use in South Asia: a systematic review.BMJ global health · 2025Pooled it
- Association of electronic cigarette use and risk of COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2025Pooled it
- The role of sweet/fruit-flavored disposable electronic cigarettes on early nicotine initiation - a systematic review.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Predictors of Vaping Cessation Among Young People.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Pooled it
- Inflammatory and Carcinogenic Biomarker Signatures in E-Cigarette Users: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of ∼24,000 Adults.International journal of public health · 2025Pooled it
- The impact of electronic cigarette use on periodontitis and periodontal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2024Pooled it
- Review of quantitative and functional lung imaging evidence of vaping-related lung injury.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Respiratory health effects of e-cigarette substitution for tobacco cigarettes: a systematic review.Harm reduction journal · 2023Pooled it
- Switching from Cigarettes to E-Cigarettes and Oral Nicotine Pouches in Adults with Low-Income Who Smoke: Qualitative Findings from a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Trial
- Independent and combined effects of very low nicotine cigarette messages and e-cigarette messages: a randomised clinical trial.Tobacco control · 2025Trial
- Patient perceptions of the use of e-cigarettes in smoking treatment programs: a qualitative analysis.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2025Trial
- Differentiating e-cigarette use and dual use: the role of impulsivity.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Article
- Association between smoking and vaping behaviors and self-perceived voice handicap in young medical trainees.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Decision-making and risk-taking as predictors of health risk behaviors in the Millennium Cohort Study.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Oxidative Stress as a Potential Mechanistic Bridge Between Electronic Cigarette Components and Chronic Disease: A Combined Narrative and Bibliometric Analysis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Prevalence and correlates of e-cigarette use among older adults aged 60 years and over.European geriatric medicine · 2026Article
- Combustible Cigarette Smoking, Electronic Cigarette Use, and Metabolic Syndrome in a Working Population.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
178 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The electronic cigarette (e-cigarette), for many considered as a safe alternative to conventional cigarettes, has revolutionised the tobacco industry in the last decades. In e-cigarettes, tobacco combustion is replaced by e-liquid heating, leading some manufacturers to propose that e-cigarettes have less harmful respiratory effects than tobacco consumption. Other innovative features such as the adjustment of nicotine content and the choice of pleasant flavours have won over many users. Nevertheless, the safety of e-cigarette consumption and its potential as a smoking cessation method remain controversial due to limited evidence. Moreover, it has been reported that the heating process itself can lead to the formation of new decomposition compounds of questionable toxicity. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have been performed to better understand the impact of these new inhalable compounds on human health. Results of toxicological analyses suggest that e-cigarettes can be safer than conventional cigarettes, although harmful effects from short-term e-cigarette use have been described. Worryingly, the potential long-term effects of e-cigarette consumption have been scarcely investigated. In this review, we take stock of the main findings in this field and their consequences for human health including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.