ArticleBMC immunology2021
Soluble cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (sCTLA-4) as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and evaluation of the prognosis in Glioma.
Article in BMC immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Liquid Biopsy in Low-Grade Glioma: A Systematic Review and a Proposal for a Clinical Utility Score.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Pooled it
- Splicing-driven post-translational dysregulation: a new frontier for precision cancer medicine and immunotherapy.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- The emerging roles of alternative splicing in modulating tumor immune responses and immunotherapies.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Review
- Precision Immunotherapeutics for Glioblastoma: Current Approaches and Emerging Strategies in 2026.Cells · 2026Review
- From Classical to Emerging Biomarkers of Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors. An Evidence-Based Review with a Focus on Gliomas.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Soluble CTLA-4 as a context-dependent immune checkpoint: biology, biomarker potential, and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Soluble CTLA-4 and high-risk genetic variants: A new frontier in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) biomarkers.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Integrating CTLA-4 Genetics and Soluble Isoforms for the Stratification of HCV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk and Aggressiveness.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Unveiling alternative splicing dynamics in activated T lymphocytes and their implications for immune checkpoint blockade efficacy.iScience · 2025Article
- Soluble immune checkpoint molecules in cancer risk, outcomes prediction, and therapeutic applications.Biomarker research · 2024Review
- Article
- Effects of Apatinib combined with Temozolomide on levels of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 in patients with drug-resistant recurrent glioblastoma.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2024Observational
- Immunomodulatory Gene-Splicing Dysregulation in Tumorigenesis: Unmasking the Complexity.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) as an undetermined tool in tumor cells.Human cell · 2023Review
- Systematic analysis identifies REST as an oncogenic and immunological biomarker in glioma.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- CTLA-4 and its inhibitors in esophageal cancer: efficacy of therapy and potential mechanisms of adverse events.American journal of cancer research · 2023Review
- Soluble form of CTLA-4 is a good predictor for tumor recurrence after radiofrequency ablation in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.Cancer medicine · 2022Article
- Temporal Muscle Thickness is an Independent Prognostic Biomarker in Patients with Glioma: Analysis of 261 Cases.Cancer management and research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is widely considered as a pivotal immune checkpoint molecule to suppress antitumor immunity. However, the significance of soluble CTLA-4 (sCTLA-4) remains unclear in the patients with brain glioma. Here we aimed to investigate the significance of serum sCTLA-4 levels as a noninvasive biomarker for diagnosis and evaluation of the prognosis in glioma patients.
methodsIn this study, the levels of sCTLA-4 in serum from 50 patients diagnosed with different grade gliomas including preoperative and postoperative, and 50 healthy individuals were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). And then ROC curve analysis and survival analyses were performed to explore the clinical significance of sCTLA-4.
resultsSerum sCTLA-4 levels were significantly increased in patients with glioma compared to that of healthy individuals, and which was also positively correlated with the tumor grade. ROC curve analysis showed that the best cutoff value for sCTLA-4 for glioma is 112.1 pg/ml, as well as the sensitivity and specificity with 82.0 and 78.0%, respectively, and a cut-off value of 220.43 pg/ml was best distinguished in patients between low-grade glioma group and high-grade glioma group with sensitivity 73.1% and specificity 79.2%. Survival analysis revealed that the patients with high sCTLA-4 levels (> 189.64 pg/ml) had shorter progression-free survival (PFS) compared to those with low sCTLA-4 levels (≤189.64 pg/ml). In the univariate analysis, elder, high-grade tumor, high sCTLA-4 levels and high Ki-67 index were significantly associated with shorter PFS. In the multivariate analysis, sCTLA-4 levels and tumor grade remained an independent prognostic factor.
conclusionThese findings indicated that serum sCTLA-4 levels play a critical role in the pathogenesis and development of glioma, which might become a valuable predictive biomarker for supplementary diagnosis and evaluation of the progress and prognosis in glioma.
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