ArticleBMJ open2021
Protocol for a four parallel-arm, single-blind, cluster-randomised trial to assess the effectiveness of three types of dual active ingredient treated nets compared to pyrethroid-only long-lasting insecticidal nets to prevent malaria transmitted by pyrethroid insecticide-resistant vector mosquitoes in Tanzania.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03554616 (Efficacy of Three Different Bi-treated Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets and Deployment Strategy for Control of Malaria Transmitted by Pyrethroid Resistant Vectors), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy of Three Different Bi-treated Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets and Deployment Strategy for Control of Malaria Transmitted by Pyrethroid Resistant Vectors: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
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- Differential impact of dual-active ingredient long-lasting insecticidal nets on primary malaria vectors: a secondary analysis of a 3-year, single-blind, cluster-randomised controlled trial in rural Tanzania.The Lancet. Planetary health · 2023Trial
- Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness against malaria of three types of dual-active-ingredient long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) compared with pyrethroid-only LLINs in Tanzania: a four-arm, cluster-randomised trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2022Trial
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- Influence of livestock keeping on feeding behavior, host choice, and spatial distribution of malaria vectors in rural northwestern Tanzania.Parasites, hosts and diseases · 2026Article
- Acceptability and preferences for dual-active ingredient long-lasting insecticidal nets in rural Tanzania: a mixed-methods study.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Process and Methodological Considerations for Observational Analyses of Vector Control Interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa Using Routine Malaria Data.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Fine scale mapping of water sources in low-income settings: A comparative study in Misungwi, Tanzania.PloS one · 2025Article
- Substrate promiscuity of key resistance P450s confers clothianidin resistance while increasing chlorfenapyr potency in malaria vectors.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Evaluation of bio-efficacy of field-aged novel long-lasting insecticidal nets (PBO, chlorfenapyr or pyriproxyfen combined with pyrethroid) againstCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2024Article
- Accounting for complex intracluster correlations in longitudinal cluster randomized trials: a case study in malaria vector control.BMC medical research methodology · 2023Article
- Small-scale field evaluation of PermaNetMalaria journal · 2023Article
- Assessing risk factors for malaria and schistosomiasis among children in Misungwi, Tanzania, an area of co-endemicity: A mixed methods study.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- A high-throughput HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of pyrethroid and pyriproxyfen in long-lasting insecticide-treated nets.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Article
- Protective efficacy of holed and aging PBO-pyrethroid synergist-treated nets on malaria infection prevalence in north-western Tanzania.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe massive scale-up of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) has led to major reductions in malaria burden in many sub-Saharan African countries. This progress is threatened by widespread insecticide resistance among malaria vectors. This cluster-randomised controlled trial (c-RCT) compares three of the most promising dual active ingredients LLINs (dual-AI LLINs), which incorporate mixtures of insecticides or insecticide synergists to standard LLINs in an area of pyrethroid insecticide resistance.
methodsA four-arm, single-blinded, c-RCT will evaluate the effectiveness of three types of dual-AI LLINs (1) Royal Guard, combining two insecticides, pyriproxyfen and the pyrethroid alpha-cypermethrin; (2) Interceptor G2, combining chlorfenapyr and alpha-cypermethrin; (3) Olyset Plus, an LLIN combining a synergist, piperonyl butoxide and the pyrethroid permethrin, compared with; (4) Interceptor LN, a standard LLIN containing the pyrethroid alpha-cypermethrin as the sole AI. The primary outcomes are malaria infection prevalence in children aged 6 months-14 years and entomological inoculation rate (EIR), as a standard measure of malaria transmission at 24 months postintervention and cost-effectiveness. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval was received from the institutional review boards of the Tanzanian National Institute for Medical Research, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and University of Ottawa. Study findings will be actively disseminated via reports and presentations to stakeholders, local community leaders, and relevant national and international policy makers as well as through conferences, and peer-reviewed publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03554616.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.